网络编程（含 UrlConnection 发送 HTTP 请求下载文件）

不懂一休

已于 2022-05-25 16:27:45 修改

阅读量1.2w

点赞数 1

分类专栏： HttpClient 文章标签： java Socket

于 2022-03-17 11:50:29 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41538097/article/details/118722718

版权

HttpClient 专栏收录该内容

4 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍了Java中的网络编程，包括网络模型、获取IP地址的方法，重点讲解了TCP协议的建立连接和上传文件，以及UDP协议的无状态特性。同时，给出了使用URLConnection下载网络资源的示例，适合Java网络编程初学者参考。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

文章目录

网络编程（含 UrlConnection 发送 HTTP 请求下载文件）：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41538097/article/details/118722718
Apache HttpComponents 简单使用：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41538097/article/details/123719298
RestTemplate简单使用：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41538097/article/details/123560238
okhttp3简单使用：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41538097/article/details/123677614
HttpURLConnection 简单使用：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41538097/article/details/123697432

一、网络模型

在这里插入图片描述

二、获取 IP

通过 InetAddress 类获取 IPv4 地址

        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); 
        System.out.println(localhost); // localhost/127.0.0.1

        System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost()); // LingyueYe/192.168.3.185
        InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        System.out.println(localHost.getHostAddress()); // 192.168.3.185
        System.out.println(localHost.getHostName()); // LingyueYe

如果你有多个网卡可以获取全部的 IPv4 地址

    private static List<String> getIpAddress() throws SocketException {
        List<String> list = new LinkedList<>();
        Enumeration<NetworkInterface> enumeration = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
        while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
            NetworkInterface network = enumeration.nextElement();
            Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses = network.getInetAddresses();
            while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
                InetAddress address = addresses.nextElement();
                if (address instanceof Inet4Address) {
                    list.add(address.getHostAddress());
                }
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

# 我电脑装了虚拟机有四个 IP 地址
list：[127.0.0.1, 192.168.159.1, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.3.240]

三、TCP 协议

1、建立连接

建立服务端监听客户端连接，一定要手动关闭连接，否则 java 自动关闭连接会报错

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9997);

        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(new String(bytes));
        byteArrayOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }

建立客户端连接服务端，一定要手动关闭连接，否则 java 自动关闭连接会报错

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("1.117.165.107");
        int port = 9997;
        System.out.println(localhost.getHostAddress());
        Socket socket = new Socket(localhost.getHostAddress(), port);
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("学习网络编程".getBytes());
        outputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }

连接成功
在这里插入图片描述

2、上传文件

客户端

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("请输入上传的的文件名路径");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String next = scanner.next();
        Socket socket = new Socket("1.117.165.107", 9997);//
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("src/main/java/com/ye/"+next));

        byte[] bytes = new byte[20];
        int len;
        while((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            outputStream.write(bytes,0,len); off 偏移量，偏移量0 代表紧跟追加，将 bytes.length 的字节写入文件（追加的形式）
        }
                // 通知服务器，我已经写入完毕
        socket.shutdownInput();
        // 判断是否写入完毕
        socket.isInputShutdown();
        socket.shutdownInput();
        socket.isOutputShutdown();
        socket.isConnected();
        socket.isClosed();
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }

服务端

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9997);
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "")+".txt";
        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File(fileName));
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;

        while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }
        outputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }

运行结果

四、UDP 协议

无状态协议

客户端

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        // 使用 connect() 连接远程地址，数据包只能发送到或从该地址接收。
        // 建立一个 socket，该客户端端口号 9998
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9998);

        String str = "你好呀！UDP";
		// 连接 9997 客户端，将包裹发送到指定 9997 端口
        datagramSocket.connect(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9997);
        // 需要发送的数据
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(), 0, str.getBytes().length);

        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        datagramSocket.close();


        // DatagramPacket 指定数据包发的地址
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket2 = new DatagramSocket();

        String str2 = "你好呀！UDP2";
        // 需要发送的数据
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket2 = new DatagramPacket(str2.getBytes(), 0, str2.getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9997);
        datagramSocket2.send(datagramPacket2);
        datagramSocket2.close();
    }

服务端

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9997);
		// 准备接收包裹
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);

        while (true) {
            datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket); // 阻塞接收

            System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress());

            System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
        }
    }

测试连接

五、下载网络资源

使用 URLConnection 下载网易云歌曲
在这里插入图片描述

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210715112506/36079aa66fa5d52682401a9ad2a02e4f/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/9836255744/326a/aad9/2c3a/a1257b6740eed2f70dc115a5ed3be1b4.m4a");
        URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
        // 如果报 Server returned HTTP response code: 403 for URL 可添加如下
        urlConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36");

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("123456.m4a"));
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            fileOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        fileOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
    }