C++ 重载运算符的高端用法 operator Type() vs Type operator()

居家隔离中在github上找代码看着玩，偶然看到switch和nds的ftp服务代码，其中我发现那波日本人好像很喜欢重载隐式转换，然后顺手写一个笔记。
先引入一点点ftpd的代码：

namespace fs
{
/// \brief File I/O object
class File
{
public:
	/// \brief bool cast operator
	explicit operator bool () const {
	    return static_cast<bool> (m_fp);
	}

	/// \brief std::FILE* cast operator
	operator std::FILE * () const {
	  return m_fp.get ();
	}
    ...

private:
	/// \brief Underlying std::FILE*
	std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int (*) (std::FILE *)> m_fp{nullptr, nullptr};
    ...
};

class SockAddr
{
public:
	/// \param sockaddr_in cast operator
	operator struct sockaddr_in const & () const {
	  assert (m_addr.ss_family == AF_INET);
	  return reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in const &> (m_addr);
	}

	/// \param sockaddr_storage cast operator
	operator struct sockaddr_storage const & () const;

	/// \param sockaddr* cast operator
	operator struct sockaddr * ();
	/// \param sockaddr const* cast operator
	operator struct sockaddr const * () const;
    ...

private:
	/// \brief Address storage
	struct sockaddr_storage m_addr = {};
};

用int operator()和operator int()举例

int operator()是一个函数调用运算符，它将对象转换为可以像函数一样调用的函数对象。返回int。
例如：

struct Struct1 {
  int operator()(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
};
...

Struct1 param;
int i = param(1, 2);  // Call the object as a function, and it returns 3 (1+2)

operator int()是转换运算符。这个特定的类型允许对象隐式（如果声明为显式，则显式）转换为int。它必须返回int（或者无论使用什么类型，也可以使用用户定义的类型，如类或结构）。
例如：

struct Struct2 {
  operator int() { return 666; }
};
...

Struct2 param;
int i = param;  // Calls the conversion operator, which returns 666