Spring（六）——Spring中的事务控制-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41553240/article/details/109102563

1、Spring 事务控制我们要明确的

第一：JavaEE 体系进行分层开发，事务处理位于业务层，Spring 提供了分层设计业务层的事务处理解决方案。

第二：spring 框架为我们提供了一组事务控制的接口。具体在后面的第二小节介绍。这组接口是在spring-tx-5.0.2.RELEASE.jar 中。

第三：spring 的事务控制都是基于 AOP 的，它既可以使用编程的方式实现，也可以使用配置的方式实现。我们学习的重点是使用配置的方式实现。

2、Spring 中事务控制的 API 介绍

2.1 PlatformTransactionManager

此接口是 spring 的事务管理器，它里面提供了我们常用的操作事务的方法，如下图：

我们在开发中都是使用它的实现类，如下图：

真正管理事务的对象org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager 使用 Spring
JDBC 或 iBatis 进行持久化数据时使用

org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager 使用
Hibernate 版本进行持久化数据时使用

2.2 TransactionDefinition

2.2.1 事务的隔离级别

2.2.2 事务的传播行为

REQUIRED:如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务，如果已经存在一个事务中，加入到这个事务中。一般的选择(默认值)


SUPPORTS:支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行(没有事务)


MANDATORY：使用当前的事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常


REQUERS_NEW:新建事务，如果当前在事务中，把当前事务挂起。


NOT_SUPPORTED:以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起


NEVER:以非事务方式运行，如果当前存在事务，抛出异常


NESTED:如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则执行 REQUIRED 类似的操作。

2.2.2.3 超时时间

默认值是-1，没有超时限制。如果有，以秒为单位进行设置。

2.2.2.4 是否是只读事务

建议查询时设置为只读。

2.2.3 TransactionStatus

基于XML的声明式事务控制(配置方式)

package com.itheima.test;


import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import java.util.List;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:bean.xml")
//读取配置文件
//等同于
// ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private IAccountService as ;



    @Test
    public void testTransfer(){
        as.transfer("bbb","ccc",100f);
//        PlatformTransactionManager
    }


}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <bean id="property"
          class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations" >
            <list>
                <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>



<!--    配置业务层-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
    </bean>

<!--    配置持久层-->
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<!--        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

<!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

<!--    spring中基于xml的声明式事务控制  配置步骤
        1.配置事务管理器
        2.配置事务通知
            导入事务的约束,tx命名空间和约束,同时也需要aop
            使用tx:advice标签配置事务通知
                属性:
                    id:给事务通知起一个唯一标志
                    transaction-manager:给事务通知提供一个事务管理器引用
        3.配置AOP中的通用切入点表达式
        4.建立事务通知和切入点表达式的关系
        5.配置事务的属性
            是在事务的通知tx:advice标签的内部
       -->

<!--    配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

    </bean>

<!--        配置事务的通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!--        配置事务的属性
                isolation:用于指定事务隔离级别,默认是DEFAULT,表示使用数据库的默认隔离级别

                propagation:用于指定事务的传播行为,默认值是 REQUIRED,表示一定会有事务,增删改的选择,查询可选择SUPPORTS
                read-only:用于指定 事务是否只读,只有查询方法才能设置为true,默认值是false,表示读写

                timeout:用于指定事务的超时时间,默认 -1.表示永不超时.如果指定了数值,以秒为单位.

                rollback-for:用于指定一个异常,当产生该异常时,事务回滚,产生其他异常时,事务不回滚,没有默认值
                                                                           表示任何异常都回滚

                no-rollback-for:用于指定一个异常,当产生该异常时,事务不回滚.产生其他异常回滚,没有默认值
                                                                           表示任何异常都回滚
-->
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"
                       propagation="REQUIRED"
                       read-only="false"
            />
            <tx:method name="find*"
                        propagation="SUPPORTS"
                       read-only="true"
            />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

<!--            配置AOP-->
    <aop:config>
<!--        配置切入点表达式-->
        <aop:pointcut id="pt1" expression="execution(* com.itheima.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
<!--        建立事务通知和切入点表达式的对应关系-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt1"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 账户的业务层实现类
 *
 * 事务控制应该 都在业务层
 */

public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {


    private IAccountDao accountDao;


    public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {

        return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);

    }


    @Override
    public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {

        //由于每次获取一个连接，导致无法事务控制
        System.out.println("transfer...");
            //2.1.根据名称查询转出账户
            Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
            //2.2.根据名称查询转入账户
            Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
            //2.3.转出账户减钱
            source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
            //2.4.转入账户加钱
            target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
            //2.5.更新转出账户
            accountDao.updateAccount(source);

//            int i = 1/ 0;

            //2.6.更新转入账户
            accountDao.updateAccount(target);

    }

}

package com.itheima.dao.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import javax.management.RuntimeMBeanException;
import java.util.*;
public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements IAccountDao {


    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        List<Account> accounts= super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where id = ? ",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
        return accounts.isEmpty() ? null : accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
        List<Account> accounts= super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }
        if(accounts.size() > 1){
            throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
        }

        return accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        super.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=? , money= ? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}

基于注解的声明式事务管理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

    <bean id="property"
          class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations" >
            <list>
                <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <!-- 配置spring创建容器时需要扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"/>

<!--    配置Jdbctemplate-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
<!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

<!--    spring中基于注解的声明式事务控制  配置步骤
        1.配置事务管理器
        2.开启spring对注解事务的支持
        3.在需要事务支持的地方使用@Transactional注解
       -->

<!--    配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

    </bean>

<!--    开启spring对注解事务的支持-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 账户的业务层实现类
 *
 * 事务控制应该 都在业务层
 */

@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS,readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {

    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;


    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {

        return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);

    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly = false)
    //需要支持读写型事务配置
    @Override
    public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {

        //由于每次获取一个连接，导致无法事务控制
        System.out.println("transfer...");
            //2.1.根据名称查询转出账户
            Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
            //2.2.根据名称查询转入账户
            Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
            //2.3.转出账户减钱
            source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
            //2.4.转入账户加钱
            target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
            //2.5.更新转出账户
            accountDao.updateAccount(source);

            int i = 1/ 0;

            //2.6.更新转入账户
            accountDao.updateAccount(target);

    }

}

package com.itheima.dao.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import javax.management.RuntimeMBeanException;
import java.util.*;


@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        List<Account> accounts= jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where id = ? ",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
        return accounts.isEmpty() ? null : accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
        List<Account> accounts= jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where name = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }
        if(accounts.size() > 1){
            throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
        }

        return accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set name=? , money= ? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}

package com.itheima.test;


import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import java.util.List;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:bean.xml")
//读取配置文件
//等同于
// ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private IAccountService as ;



    @Test
    public void testTransfer(){
        as.transfer("bbb","ccc",100f);
//        PlatformTransactionManager
    }


}

。基于纯注解声明式事务控制

package com.itheima.test;

import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import config.SpringConfiguration;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * 使用Junit单元测试：测试我们的配置
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfiguration.class)
public class AccountServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private  IAccountService as;

    @Test
    public  void testTransfer(){
        as.transfer("aaa","bbb",100f);

    }

}

package config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * 和连接数据库相关的配置类
 */
public class JdbcConfig {

    @Value("${jdbc.driverClass}")
    private String driver;

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    /**
     * 创建JdbcTemplate
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name="jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate createJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){
        return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    /**
     * 创建数据源对象
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name="dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource(){
        DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClassName(driver);
        ds.setUrl(url);
        ds.setUsername(username);
        ds.setPassword(password);
        return ds;
    }
}

package config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

/**
 * spring的配置类，相当于bean.xml
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
@Import({JdbcConfig.class,TransactionConfig.class})
@PropertySource("jdbcConfig.properties")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class SpringConfiguration {
}

package config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * 和事务相关的配置类
 */
public class TransactionConfig {

    /**
     * 用于创建事务管理器对象
     * @param dataSource
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name="transactionManager")
    public PlatformTransactionManager createTransactionManager(DataSource dataSource){
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }
}

z最后一个，不常用，基于编程的声明式事务控制

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

<!--    配置业务层-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
        <property name="transactionTemplate" ref="transactionTemplate"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<!--        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>


    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

<!--    配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

<!--    配置事务模板对象-->
    <bean id="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>

    </bean>
</beans>

package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 账户的业务层实现类
 *
 * 事务控制应该 都在业务层
 */

public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {


    private IAccountDao accountDao;

    private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;

    public void setTransactionTemplate(TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {
        this.transactionTemplate = transactionTemplate;
    }

    public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(final Integer accountId) {
       return transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback<Account>() {
            @Override
            public Account doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
                return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);
            }
        });



    }


    @Override
    public void transfer(final String sourceName, final String targetName, final Float money) {
        transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback<Object>() {
            @Override
            public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
                //由于每次获取一个连接，导致无法事务控制
                System.out.println("transfer...");
                //2.1.根据名称查询转出账户
                Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
                //2.2.根据名称查询转入账户
                Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
                //2.3.转出账户减钱
                source.setMoney(source.getMoney() - money);
                //2.4.转入账户加钱
                target.setMoney(target.getMoney() + money);
                //2.5.更新转出账户
                accountDao.updateAccount(source);

                int i = 1 / 0;

                //2.6.更新转入账户
                accountDao.updateAccount(target);
                return null;
            }
        });




    }


}

package com.itheima.dao.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import javax.management.RuntimeMBeanException;
import java.util.*;
public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements IAccountDao {


    @Override
    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        List<Account> accounts= super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where id = ? ",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
        return accounts.isEmpty() ? null : accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
        List<Account> accounts= super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
        if(accounts.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }
        if(accounts.size() > 1){
            throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
        }

        return accounts.get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        super.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=? , money= ? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}