STL的string容器几个用法

1.

string的构造函数：

void test()
{
//1.
    string s1;//默认构造
//2.
    const char *str = "hello world";
    string s2(str);
    cout<< s2 <<endl;
//3.
    string s3(s2);//拷贝构造
//4.
    string(10,'a');//十个a
}

2.string的赋值操作（ 函数str.assgin() ）

示例：六种

void test()
{
    string str1;
    str1 = "Hello World";
    cout << "str1 =" << str1 << endl;

    string str2;
    str2 = str1;
    cout << "str2 =" << str2 << endl;

    string str3;
    str3 = 'a';
    cout << "str3 =" << str3 << endl;

    //
    string str4;
    str4.assign("Hello C++");
    cout << "str4 =" << str4 << endl;

    string str5;
    str5.assign("Hello C++", 5);
    cout << "str5 =" << str5 << endl;

    string str6;
    str6.assign(10, 'w');
    cout << "str6 =" << str6 << endl;

}

输出结果：

3. string字符串拼接 (函数：str.append())

void test()
{
    string str1 = "我";
    str1 += "爱玩游戏";
    cout << "str1 =" << str1 << endl;

    string str2 = "LOL DNF";
    str1 += str2;
    cout << "str1 =" << str1 << endl;

    string str3 = "I";
    str3.append("love");
    str3.append("game abcd", 4);
    cout << "str3 =" << str3 << endl;

    string str4 = "I";
    str4.append("love");
    str4.append(str2, 4, 3);//第四个字符开始，截取三个字符
    cout << "str4 =" << str4 << endl;
}

输出结果：

4. 字符串的比较(函数：str.compare(str1) )

代码：

void test()
{
    string str1 = "hello";
    string str2 = "xello";
    if (str1.compare(str2) == 0)
    {
        cout << "相等" << endl;
    }
    else if (str1.compare(str2) > 0)
    {
        cout << "str1大于str2" << endl;
    }
    else 
    {
        cout << "str2小于str1" << endl;
    }
}

运行结果：

5. 字符的存取（函数：str[] , str.size() 和 str.at() ）

void test()
{
    string str1 = "Hello world";

    //两种方法打印逐个字符串
    //[]
    for (int i = 0; i < str1.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << str1[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    //str.at()
    for (int j = 0; j < str1.size(); j++)
    {
        cout << str1.at(j) << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;


    //字符串修改
    str1 [0] = 'x';
    str1.at(1) = 'p';
    cout << str1 << endl;
}

输出结果：

6. 子串获取（函数：substr）

void test()
{
    string str1 = "abcdefg";
    //截取从1~3的字符
    string Substr = str1.substr(1, 3);
    cout << "Substr =" << Substr << endl;

    //尝试查找邮箱的用户名：
    string email = "1604900106@qq.com";//创建一个邮箱
    int pos = email.find("@");//找到‘@’的位置
    string username = email.substr(0, pos);//截取username的字符串
    cout << "username = " << username << endl;
    
}

输出结果：