mySQL运算符

mySQL运算符

1. 算术运算符(+ - * / div % MOD)

SELECT 1+1 FROM DUAL;#2
SELECT 1+'a' FROM DUAL;#1,a当做0，+无字符串拼接作用
SELECT 1+NULL FROM DUAL;#null,null参与运算
SELECT 100, 100 * 1, 100 * 1.0, 100 / 1.0, 100 / 2,
100 + 2 * 5 / 2,100 / 3, 100 DIV 0 # DIV分母如果为0，则结果为null
#DIV是直接取整的
#除法会转变浮点型，先乘除后加减
FROM DUAL;
# 取模运算： % mod
SELECT 12 % 3,12 % 5, 12 MOD -5,-12 % 5,-12 % -5
FROM DUAL;

2. 比较运算符

2.1 = <=> <> != < <= > >=

=:等于

SELECT 1 = 2,1 != 2,1 = '1',1 = 'a',0 = 'a' #字符串存在隐式转换。如果转换数值不成功，则看做0
FROM DUAL;#结果01101(boolean)
SELECT 'a' = 'a','ab' = 'ab','a' = 'b' #两边都是字符串的话，则按照ANSI的比较规则进行比较。
FROM DUAL;
SELECT 1 = NULL,NULL = NULL # 只要有null参与判断，结果就为null
FROM DUAL;

<=>:安全等于

SELECT 1 <=> 2,1 <=> '1',1 <=> 'a',0 <=> 'a'
FROM DUAL;

SELECT 1 <=> NULL, NULL <=> NULL
FROM DUAL;

<> !=:不等于

SELECT 3 <> 2,'4' <> NULL, '' != NULL,NULL != NULL
FROM DUAL;

2.2

• IS NULL \ IS NOT NULL \ ISNULL
  为空/不为空

#练习：查询表中commission_pct为null的数据有哪些
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NULL;
#或
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE ISNULL(commission_pct);

#练习：查询表中commission_pct不为null的数据有哪些
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL;
#或
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE NOT commission_pct <=> NULL;

• LEAST() \ GREATEST
  求最小，最大按ansi标准

SELECT LEAST('g','b','t','m'),GREATEST('g','b','t','m')
FROM DUAL;

SELECT LEAST(first_name,last_name),LEAST(LENGTH(first_name),LENGTH(last_name))
FROM employees;

• BETWEEN 条件下界1 AND 条件上界2
  （查询条件1和条件2范围内的数据，包含边界）相当于在两者之间

#查询工资在6000 到 8000的员工信息
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
#where salary between 6000 and 8000;
WHERE salary >= 6000 && salary <= 8000;

#交换6000 和 8000之后，查询不到数据
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary BETWEEN 8000 AND 6000;

#查询工资不在6000 到 8000的员工信息
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 6000 AND 8000;
#where salary < 6000 or salary > 8000;

• in (set)\ not in (set)
  在或不在集合

#练习：查询部门为10,20,30部门的员工信息
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
#where department_id = 10 or department_id = 20 or department_id = 30;
WHERE department_id IN (10,20,30);

#练习：查询工资不是6000,7000,8000的员工信息
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT IN (6000,7000,8000);

• LIKE :模糊查询

# % : 代表不确定个数的字符 （0个，1个，或多个）

#练习：查询last_name中包含字符'a'的员工信息
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';

#练习：查询last_name中以字符'a'开头的员工信息
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE 'a%';

#练习：查询last_name中包含字符'a'且包含字符'e'的员工信息
#写法1：
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%' AND last_name LIKE '%e%';
#写法2：
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%e%' OR last_name LIKE '%e%a%';

# _ ：代表一个不确定的字符

#练习：查询第3个字符是'a'的员工信息
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '__a%';

#练习：查询第2个字符是_且第3个字符是'a'的员工信息
#需要使用转义字符: \ 
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '_\_a%';

#或者  (了解)
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '_$_a%' ESCAPE '$';

• REGEXP \ RLIKE :正则表达式

SELECT 'shkstart' REGEXP '^shk', 'shkstart' REGEXP 't$', 'shkstart' REGEXP 'hk'
FROM DUAL;

SELECT 'atguigu' REGEXP 'gu.gu','atguigu' REGEXP '[ab]'
FROM DUAL;

3. 逻辑运算符

• or and或且

SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
#where department_id = 10 or department_id = 20;
#where department_id = 10 and department_id = 20;
WHERE department_id = 50 AND salary > 6000;
#注意：AND的优先级高于OR

• not 非

SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
#where salary not between 6000 and 8000;
#where commission_pct is not null;
WHERE NOT commission_pct <=> NULL;

• XOR :追求的"异"

SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50 XOR salary > 6000;

4. 位运算符

• & | ^ ~ >> <<

SELECT 12 & 5, 12 | 5,12 ^ 5 
FROM DUAL;

SELECT 10 & ~1 FROM DUAL;

#在一定范围内满足：每向左移动1位，相当于乘以2；每向右移动一位，相当于除以2。
SELECT 4 << 1 , 8 >> 1
FROM DUAL;