mySQL运算符
1. 算术运算符(+ - * / div % MOD)
SELECT 1+1 FROM DUAL;#2
SELECT 1+'a' FROM DUAL;#1,a当做0,+无字符串拼接作用
SELECT 1+NULL FROM DUAL;#null,null参与运算
SELECT 100, 100 * 1, 100 * 1.0, 100 / 1.0, 100 / 2,
100 + 2 * 5 / 2,100 / 3, 100 DIV 0 # DIV分母如果为0,则结果为null
#DIV是直接取整的
#除法会转变浮点型,先乘除后加减
FROM DUAL;
# 取模运算: % mod
SELECT 12 % 3,12 % 5, 12 MOD -5,-12 % 5,-12 % -5
FROM DUAL;
2. 比较运算符
2.1 = <=> <> != < <= > >=
=:等于
SELECT 1 = 2,1 != 2,1 = '1',1 = 'a',0 = 'a' #字符串存在隐式转换。如果转换数值不成功,则看做0
FROM DUAL;#结果01101(boolean)
SELECT 'a' = 'a','ab' = 'ab','a' = 'b' #两边都是字符串的话,则按照ANSI的比较规则进行比较。
FROM DUAL;
SELECT 1 = NULL,NULL = NULL # 只要有null参与判断,结果就为null
FROM DUAL;
<=>:安全等于
SELECT 1 <=> 2,1 <=> '1',1 <=> 'a',0 <=> 'a'
FROM DUAL;
SELECT 1 <=> NULL, NULL <=> NULL
FROM DUAL;
<> !=:不等于
SELECT 3 <> 2,'4' <> NULL, '' != NULL,NULL != NULL
FROM DUAL;
2.2
- IS NULL \ IS NOT NULL \ ISNULL
为空/不为空
#练习:查询表中commission_pct为null的数据有哪些
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NULL;
#或
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE ISNULL(commission_pct);
#练习:查询表中commission_pct不为null的数据有哪些
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL;
#或
SELECT last_name,salary,commission_pct FROM employees
WHERE NOT commission_pct <=> NULL;
- LEAST() \ GREATEST
求最小,最大按ansi标准
SELECT LEAST('g','b','t','m'),GREATEST('g','b','t','m')
FROM DUAL;
SELECT LEAST(first_name,last_name),LEAST(LENGTH(first_name),LENGTH(last_name))
FROM employees;
- BETWEEN 条件下界1 AND 条件上界2
(查询条件1和条件2范围内的数据,包含边界)相当于在两者之间
#查询工资在6000 到 8000的员工信息
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
#where salary between 6000 and 8000;
WHERE salary >= 6000 && salary <= 8000;
#交换6000 和 8000之后,查询不到数据
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary BETWEEN 8000 AND 6000;
#查询工资不在6000 到 8000的员工信息
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 6000 AND 8000;
#where salary < 6000 or salary > 8000;
- in (set)\ not in (set)
在或不在集合
#练习:查询部门为10,20,30部门的员工信息
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
#where department_id = 10 or department_id = 20 or department_id = 30;
WHERE department_id IN (10,20,30);
#练习:查询工资不是6000,7000,8000的员工信息
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE salary NOT IN (6000,7000,8000);
- LIKE :模糊查询
# % : 代表不确定个数的字符 (0个,1个,或多个)
#练习:查询last_name中包含字符'a'的员工信息
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';
#练习:查询last_name中以字符'a'开头的员工信息
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE 'a%';
#练习:查询last_name中包含字符'a'且包含字符'e'的员工信息
#写法1:
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%' AND last_name LIKE '%e%';
#写法2:
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%e%' OR last_name LIKE '%e%a%';
# _ :代表一个不确定的字符
#练习:查询第3个字符是'a'的员工信息
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '__a%';
#练习:查询第2个字符是_且第3个字符是'a'的员工信息
#需要使用转义字符: \
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '_\_a%';
#或者 (了解)
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '_$_a%' ESCAPE '$';
- REGEXP \ RLIKE :正则表达式
SELECT 'shkstart' REGEXP '^shk', 'shkstart' REGEXP 't$', 'shkstart' REGEXP 'hk'
FROM DUAL;
SELECT 'atguigu' REGEXP 'gu.gu','atguigu' REGEXP '[ab]'
FROM DUAL;
3. 逻辑运算符
- or and或且
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
#where department_id = 10 or department_id = 20;
#where department_id = 10 and department_id = 20;
WHERE department_id = 50 AND salary > 6000;
#注意:AND的优先级高于OR
- not 非
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
#where salary not between 6000 and 8000;
#where commission_pct is not null;
WHERE NOT commission_pct <=> NULL;
- XOR :追求的"异"
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50 XOR salary > 6000;
4. 位运算符
- & | ^ ~ >> <<
SELECT 12 & 5, 12 | 5,12 ^ 5
FROM DUAL;
SELECT 10 & ~1 FROM DUAL;
#在一定范围内满足:每向左移动1位,相当于乘以2;每向右移动一位,相当于除以2。
SELECT 4 << 1 , 8 >> 1
FROM DUAL;