pytorch生成式对抗网络GAN【二】:DCGAN
DCGAN 使用了卷积网络来实现生成器和鉴别器,在生成器中所使用的反方向的卷积过程比较粗犷,但确实有效,使用DCGAN生成的图片质量要高于原始的GAN。
论文地址:DCGAN
1、DCGAN的生成器
在DCGAN中,生成器G由如下的结构组成:
- 一个线性层将输入的随机数组映射成一定深度的特征图。假设输入维度为100,目标图片大小为32×32,在第一层将100维输入映射为128×4×4的特征图,即长度和宽度都是8,通道数为128,并在通道上进行归一化处理。
- 上采样。使用了 nn.Upsample 函数进行上采样,将图像的长宽放大两倍。在上采样之后连接一个不改变形状的卷积层。
- 第二次上采样。在其后面连接一个不改变长宽的卷积层,但输出通道数从128减为64。
- 再使用一个卷积层将64通道的特征图映射为1通道输出的特征图,此时长宽被放大为32×32。
生成器代码:
class Generator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Generator, self).__init__()
self.init_size = opt.img_size // 4
self.l1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(opt.latent_dim, 128 * self.init_size ** 2))
self.conv_blocks = nn.Sequential(
nn.BatchNorm2d(128),
nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),
nn.Conv2d(128, 128, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(128, 0.8),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),
nn.Conv2d(128, 64, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64, 0.8),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(64, opt.channels, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.Tanh(),
)
def forward(self, z):
out = self.l1(z)
out = out.view(out.shape[0], 128, self.init_size, self.init_size)
img = self.conv_blocks(out)
return img
2、DCGAN的鉴别器
在DCGAN的鉴别器D中也使用了卷积层结构。实际上鉴别器的卷积层与常见的卷积神经网络并没有差别。其结构为:
- 各卷积层结构相同,特点是使得输出特则图的长和宽是输入特征图的一半。
- 通过4个上述的卷积模块使得输出图像的长和宽被压缩为原来的1/16。没有池化层设计。
- 最后使用一个带Sigmoid激活函数的全连接层做输出。
鉴别器D的代码为:
class Discriminator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
def discriminator_block(in_filters, out_filters, bn=True):
block = [nn.Conv2d(in_filters, out_filters, 3, 2, 1), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True), nn.Dropout2d(0.25)]
if bn:
block.append(nn.BatchNorm2d(out_filters, 0.8))
return block
self.model = nn.Sequential(
*discriminator_block(opt.channels, 16, bn=False),
*discriminator_block(16, 32),
*discriminator_block(32, 64),
*discriminator_block(64, 128),
)
# The height and width of downsampled image
ds_size = opt.img_size // 2 ** 4
self.adv_layer = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(128 * ds_size ** 2, 1), nn.Sigmoid())
def forward(self, img):
out = self.model(img)
out = out.view(out.shape[0], -1)
validity = self.adv_layer(out)
return validity
3、训练过程
完整代码如下(搬运github上的代码):
import argparse
import os
import numpy as np
import math
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torchvision.utils import save_image
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.autograd import Variable
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch
os.makedirs("images", exist_ok=True)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--n_epochs", type=int, default=200, help="number of epochs of training")
parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=64, help="size of the batches")
parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=0.0002, help="adam: learning rate")
parser.add_argument("--b1", type=float, default=0.5, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--b2", type=float, default=0.999, help="adam: decay of first order momentum of gradient")
parser.add_argument("--n_cpu", type=int, default=8, help="number of cpu threads to use during batch generation")
parser.add_argument("--latent_dim", type=int, default=100, help="dimensionality of the latent space")
parser.add_argument("--img_size", type=int, default=32, help="size of each image dimension")
parser.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=1, help="number of image channels")
parser.add_argument("--sample_interval", type=int, default=4000, help="interval between image sampling")
opt = parser.parse_args()
print(opt)
cuda = True if torch.cuda.is_available() else False
def weights_init_normal(m): #权重初始化
classname = m.__class__.__name__
if classname.find("Conv") != -1:
torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 0.0, 0.02)
elif classname.find("BatchNorm2d") != -1:
torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 1.0, 0.02)
torch.nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0.0)
class Generator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Generator, self).__init__()
self.init_size = opt.img_size // 4
self.l1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(opt.latent_dim, 128 * self.init_size ** 2))
self.conv_blocks = nn.Sequential(
nn.BatchNorm2d(128),
nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),
nn.Conv2d(128, 128, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(128, 0.8),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2),
nn.Conv2d(128, 64, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64, 0.8),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(64, opt.channels, 3, stride=1, padding=1),
nn.Tanh(),
)
def forward(self, z):
out = self.l1(z)
out = out.view(out.shape[0], 128, self.init_size, self.init_size)
img = self.conv_blocks(out)
return img
class Discriminator(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
def discriminator_block(in_filters, out_filters, bn=True):
block = [nn.Conv2d(in_filters, out_filters, 3, 2, 1), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True), nn.Dropout2d(0.25)]
if bn:
block.append(nn.BatchNorm2d(out_filters, 0.8))
return block
self.model = nn.Sequential(
*discriminator_block(opt.channels, 16, bn=False),
*discriminator_block(16, 32),
*discriminator_block(32, 64),
*discriminator_block(64, 128),
)
# The height and width of downsampled image
ds_size = opt.img_size // 2 ** 4
self.adv_layer = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(128 * ds_size ** 2, 1), nn.Sigmoid())
def forward(self, img):
out = self.model(img)
out = out.view(out.shape[0], -1)
validity = self.adv_layer(out)
return validity
# Loss function
adversarial_loss = torch.nn.BCELoss()
# Initialize generator and discriminator
generator = Generator()
discriminator = Discriminator()
if cuda:
generator.cuda()
discriminator.cuda()
adversarial_loss.cuda()
# Initialize weights
generator.apply(weights_init_normal)
discriminator.apply(weights_init_normal)
# Configure data loader
os.makedirs("./data/mnist", exist_ok=True)
dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
datasets.MNIST(
"./data/mnist",
train=True,
download=True,
transform=transforms.Compose(
[transforms.Resize(opt.img_size), transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize([0.5], [0.5])]
),
),
batch_size=opt.batch_size,
shuffle=True,
)
# Optimizers
optimizer_G = torch.optim.Adam(generator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))
optimizer_D = torch.optim.Adam(discriminator.parameters(), lr=opt.lr, betas=(opt.b1, opt.b2))
Tensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if cuda else torch.FloatTensor
# ----------
# Training
# ----------
for epoch in range(opt.n_epochs):
for i, (imgs, _) in enumerate(dataloader):
# Adversarial ground truths
valid = Variable(Tensor(imgs.shape[0], 1).fill_(1.0), requires_grad=False)
fake = Variable(Tensor(imgs.shape[0], 1).fill_(0.0), requires_grad=False)
# Configure input
real_imgs = Variable(imgs.type(Tensor))
# -----------------
# Train Generator
# -----------------
optimizer_G.zero_grad()
# Sample noise as generator input
#z = Variable(Tensor(np.random.normal(0, 1, (imgs.shape[0], opt.latent_dim))))
z = Tensor(np.random.normal(0, 1, (imgs.shape[0], opt.latent_dim)))
# Generate a batch of images
gen_imgs = generator(z)
# Loss measures generator's ability to fool the discriminator
g_loss = adversarial_loss(discriminator(gen_imgs), valid)
g_loss.backward()
optimizer_G.step()
# ---------------------
# Train Discriminator
# ---------------------
optimizer_D.zero_grad()
# Measure discriminator's ability to classify real from generated samples
real_loss = adversarial_loss(discriminator(real_imgs), valid)
fake_loss = adversarial_loss(discriminator(gen_imgs.detach()), fake)
d_loss = (real_loss + fake_loss) / 2
d_loss.backward()
optimizer_D.step()
batches_done = epoch * len(dataloader) + i
if batches_done % opt.sample_interval == 0:
save_image(gen_imgs.data[:25], "images/%d.png" % batches_done, nrow=5, normalize=True)
print(
"[Epoch %d/%d] [Batch %d/%d] [D loss: %f] [G loss: %f]"
% (epoch, opt.n_epochs, i, len(dataloader), d_loss.item(), g_loss.item())
)
PATH1= 'generator.pkl'
PATH2= 'discriminator.pkl'
torch.save(generator,PATH1)
torch.save(discriminator,PATH2)
训练过程基本跟上节一致,训练结果:
-
训练20000个batch:
-
训练96000个batch:
-
训练148000个batch:
-
训练180000个batch:
4、小结
- DCGAN使用了卷积层,卷积层在处理图像方面有奇效。
- 生成器的卷积层直接使用了上采样,粗糙但有效。
- 仔细观察DCGAN和普通GAN,可以发现DCGAN生成的数字更加圆滑,而GAN生成的图像更加粗糙。