通过operator关键字能够将操作符定义为全局函数
操作符重载的本质就是函数重载
operator+的成员 函数实现
用成员函数重载的操作符 比全局操作符重载函数少一个参数,即左操作数 不需要使用friend关键字
<=>
~什么时候使用全局函数重载操作符?
当无法修改左操作数的类时,使用全局函数进行重载
~什么时候使用成员函数重载操作符?
=, [], ()和->操作符只能通过成员函数进行重载
C++编译器会为每个类提供默认的赋值操作符 ,默认的赋值操作符只是做简单的值复制, 类中存在指针成员变量时就需要重载赋值操作符
//
++操作符的重载 ++操作符只有一个操作数 ++操作符有前缀和有后缀的区分
C++中通过一个占位参数来区分前置运算和后置运算
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
int a;
int b;
public:
Complex(int a, int b)
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
int getA()
{
return a;
}
int getB()
{
return b;
}
Complex operator+ (const Complex& c2);
Complex operator++ (int);
Complex& operator++();
friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, const Complex& c);
};
ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, const Complex& c)
{
out<<c.a<<" + "<<c.b<<"i";
return out;
}
Complex Complex::operator++ (int)
{
Complex ret = *this;
a++;
b++;
return ret;
}
Complex& Complex::operator++()
{
++a;
++b;
return *this;
}
Complex Complex::operator+ (const Complex& c2)
{
Complex ret(0, 0);
ret.a = this->a + c2.a;
ret.b = this->b + c2.b;
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Complex c1(1, 2);
Complex c2(3, 4);
Complex c3 = c2;
c2++;
++c3;
cout<<c1<<endl;
cout<<c2<<endl;
cout<<c3<<endl;
cout << "Press the enter key to continue ...";
cin.get();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
///
~不要重载&&和||操作符
&&和||是C++中非常特殊的操作符 &&和||内置实现了短路规则 操作符重载是靠函数重载来完成的 操作数作为函数参数传递 C++的函数参数都会被求值,无法实现短路规则
example:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Test
{
int i;
public:
Test(int i)
{
this->i = i;
}
Test operator+ (const Test& obj)
{
Test ret(0);
cout<<"Test operator+ (const Test& obj)"<<endl;
ret.i = i + obj.i;
return ret;
}
bool operator&& (const Test& obj)
{
cout<<"bool operator&& (const Test& obj)"<<endl;
return i && obj.i;
}
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int a1 = 0;
int a2 = 1;
if( a1 && (a1 + a2) )
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
Test t1 = 0;
Test t2 = 1;
if( t1 && (t1 + t2) )
{
cout<<"World"<<endl;
}
cout << "Press the enter key to continue ...";
cin.get();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}