python字典的常用方法

python字典的常用方法

• keys：获取字典的键

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.keys())
print(type(dct.keys()))

dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'gender', 'hobby'])
<class 'dict_keys'>

• values：获取字典的值

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.values())
print(type(dct.values()))

dict_values(['zhangsan', 12, 'man', 'play game'])
<class 'dict_values'>

• items：将键值对变成元组

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.items())

dict_items([('name', 'zhangsan'), ('age', 12), ('gender', 'man'), ('hobby', 'play game')])

• get：通过键获取值

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.get("name"))

zhangsan

• pop：删除指定的键，返回值就是删除的键对应的值

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.pop("name"))
print(dct)

zhangsan
{'age': 12, 'gender': 'man', 'hobby': 'play game'}

• popitem：删除最后一个键，返回值是删除的键值对

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.popitem())
print(dct)

('hobby', 'play game')
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 12, 'gender': 'man'}

• clear：删除字典

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.clear())
print(dct)

None
{}

• setdefault：如果指定的键存在，那么直接返回键对应的值，如果指定的键不存在，那么就会添加键，并且第二个参数作为键的值

dct = { "name":"zhangsan", "age":12, "gender":"man", "hobby":"play game" }
print(dct.setdefault("name","lisi")) # 指定的键存在的时候
print(dct)
print(dct.setdefault("job","student")) # 指定的键不存在的时候
print(dct)

zhangsan
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 12, 'gender': 'man', 'hobby': 'play game'}
student
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 12, 'gender': 'man', 'hobby': 'play game', 'job': 'student'}