MD5SUM详解

husterlichf

已于 2023-07-28 21:59:18 修改

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分类专栏： linux 文章标签： linux

于 2023-07-28 21:59:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41768644/article/details/131988445

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一、MD5摘要算法

MD5即Message-Digest Algorithm 5（信息-摘要算法5），用于确保信息传输完整一致。如果一个文件的内容不改变，则该文件的MD5值也不会改变，（即使文件名改变，该MD5值也不会改变，MD5主要是对文件内容的摘要），通常用于在传输文件的时候校验文件的完整性。

二、md5sum命令详解

[root@master01 ~]# md5sum --help
Usage: md5sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print or check MD5 (128-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

  -b, --binary         read in binary mode
  -c, --check          read MD5 sums from the FILEs and check them
      --tag            create a BSD-style checksum
  -t, --text           read in text mode (default)
  Note: There is no difference between binary and text mode option on GNU system.

The following four options are useful only when verifying checksums:
      --quiet          don't print OK for each successfully verified file
      --status         don't output anything, status code shows success
      --strict         exit non-zero for improperly formatted checksum lines
  -w, --warn           warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

The sums are computed as described in RFC 1321.  When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program.  The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating input mode ('*' for binary,
space for text), and name for each FILE.

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'md5sum invocation'
[root@master01 ~]#

md5sum 文件名生成该文件的md5摘要值

[root@master01 ~]# md5sum erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
7737bff77fa2783323220fbacba58495 erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@master01 ~]#

md5sum -b 文件名以二进制的方式读取文件并生成该文件的md5摘要值

md5sum -t 文件名以字符流的方式读取文件并生成该文件的md5摘要值

[root@master01 ~]# md5sum  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
7737bff77fa2783323220fbacba58495  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@master01 ~]# md5sum -b  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
7737bff77fa2783323220fbacba58495 *erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@master01 ~]# md5sum -t  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
7737bff77fa2783323220fbacba58495  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@master01 ~]#

在类UNIX操作系统上，通常两者是没有区别的

md5sum -c check.md5 读取一个检查文件，并校验MD5值

[root@master01 ~]# md5sum   erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  > erlang.md5
[root@master01 ~]# cat erlang.md5 
7737bff77fa2783323220fbacba58495  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@master01 ~]# md5sum -c  erlang.md5 
erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: OK

修改检查文件后，再检查会报错

[root@master01 ~]# vim  erlang.md5 
[root@master01 ~]# cat erlang.md5 
6637bff77fa2783323220fbacba58495  erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@master01 ~]# md5sum -c  erlang.md5 
erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: FAILED
md5sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
[root@master01 ~]#

三、其他选项

–quiet

[root@master01 ~]# md5sum -c  --quiet  erlang.md5 
[root@master01 ~]# md5sum -c  --quiet  erlang.md5.error
erlang-25.3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: FAILED
md5sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match