Python之字符串深入

Python之字符串深入

字符串常用方法

1.下标与元素

• find
• rfind
• index
• rindex
• count

s = "apache.common.hadoop.hive.sql"
s.find("hive") # 从左往右计算索引Index,返回目标str的索引

21

s.find('hive',8) #从指定位置开始查找

21

s.rfind('p') #从右往左找目标元素的索引

19

s.index('p') #返回首次出现目标元素的位置

1

s.rindex('p')

19

s.count('p') #计算子字符在字符串中出现的次数

2

2.字符串切割和分区

• split
• rsplit
• partition 将目标字符串按照指定字符切割为三个partition
• rpartition

li = s.split(".")
print(li)

['apache', 'common', 'hadoop', 'hive', 'sql']

s.partition(".")

('apache', '.', 'common.hadoop.hive.sql')

s.rpartition(".")

('apache.common.hadoop.hive', '.', 'sql')

s = "2014-10-31"
s_list = s.split("-")
print(f"年：{s_list[0]}月：{s_list[1]}日：{s_list[2]}")

年：2014月：10日：31

3. 字符串连接join

li =  ["apple","peach","banana","pear"]

sep = ","
s=sep.join(li)

s

'apple,peach,banana,pear'

import timeit
timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))',number=10000)

0.22487155600015285

4. lower(),upper(),capitalize(),title(),swapcase()

s  = "What is Your Name?"
s2 = s.lower()
s2

'what is your name?'

s.upper()

'WHAT IS YOUR NAME?'

s2.capitalize()

'What is your name?'

s.title()

'What Is Your Name?'

s.swapcase() # 驼峰命名

'wHAT IS yOUR nAME?'

5. replace

s = "中国,中国"
s2 = s.replace("中国","china")

s2

'china,china'

6. 字符映射表生成

• maketrans() 生成字符串映射表
• translate() 按映射表关系转换字符串并替换其中的字符

#将字符“abcdef123”一 一对应地转换成"uvwxyz@#$"
table = ' '.maketrans("abcdef123","uvwxyz@#$")
s = "Python is a greate programing language.i like it!"
s.translate(table)

'Python is u gryuty progruming lunguugy.i liky it!'

7. 删除两端，右端或左端地空白字符或连续的指定字符

• strip()
• rstrip()
• lstrip()

s = "  abc  "
s2 = s.strip() #删除空白字符
s2

'abc'

'\n\nhello world \n\n \t'.strip()

'hello world'

"aaaasddf".strip("a") #删除指定字符

'sddf'

"aaaasddf".strip("ddf") #删除指定字符

'aaaas'

"aaaasddfaaa".rstrip("a") #删除字符串右端指定字符

'aaaasddf'

"aaaasddfaaa".lstrip("a") #删除字符串左端指定字符

'sddfaaa'

8. eval()

• 内置函数eval()尝试将任意字符串转换为python表达式并求值

eval("3+4")

7

a = 3
b = 5
eval("a*b")

15

9. in

"a" in "abcdefg"

True

10. startswith,endswith()

s = 'To be or not to be.'
s.startswith("T")

True

s.startswith("To be")

True

s.endswith("to be.")

True

11. 判断类型：

* isalnum()
* isalpha()
* isdigit()
* isupper()
* islower()

"1234abcd".isalnum() # 是否为数字或字母

True

"1234abcd".isalpha() # 是否为字母

False

"1234abcd".isdigit() #是否为数字

False

"abcd".isupper() # 是否为大写字母

False

"abcd".islower() # 是否为小写字目

True

12. 字符串显示

* center(width,char=" ") 居中
* ljust() 左对齐
* rjust() 右对齐

'hello world'.center(20)

'    hello world     '

'hello world'.ljust(20,"=")

'hello world========='

'hello world'.rjust(20,"*")

'*********hello world'

字符串典型应用

字符串常量

• 8位长度随机密码生成算法(验证码)

import string
import random
x = string.digits+string.ascii_letters+string.punctuation #数字+字母++分隔符
code =" ".join([random.choice(x) for i in range(8)]) #随机挑选x中的某个字符，挑选8次生成列表，列表中的字符再被空格join为字符串
print(code)

) p 7 : x O w Q

• 发红包算法

import random

def red_packet(total,num):
    # total 红包总额
    # num红包数量
    each = []
    #已发红包金额
    already = 0
    for i in range(1,num): #range(a,b)-->[a,b)
        t = random.randint(1,(total-already)-(num -i)) #至少为剩下的每个人留一块钱
        each.append(t) #将每个人拿的红包额度记录到each列表
        already += t
    #剩余所有钱发给最后1个人
    each.append(total-already)
    random.shuffle(each)
    return each


for i in range(5):
    each = red_packet(50,6)
    print(each)

[4, 25, 1, 18, 1, 1]
[1, 40, 1, 1, 4, 3]
[2, 4, 7, 29, 1, 7]
[15, 2, 6, 11, 4, 12]
[19, 1, 2, 8, 19, 1]

可变字符串

import io
s = "Hello,world"
sio = io.StringIO(s)
sio.getvalue()

'Hello,world'

sio.seek(7)

7

sio.write("there!")

6

sio.getvalue()

'Hello,wthere!'

• 字符串加密解密

def crypt(source, key):
    from itertools import cycle
    result = ''
    temp=cycle(key) #将密码字key变成可迭代对象
    for ch in source:
        result = result +chr(ord(ch)^ord(next(temp))) #密码的ASCII码与加密码字进行异或操作得到结果
    return result

source = "No romatic in China"
key = "i love you so"
print("before encrypted:",source)

encrypted = crypt(source, key)
print("after encrypted:",encrypted)

decrypted = crypt(encrypted,key)
print("after decrypted:",decrypted)

before encrypted: No romatic in China
�Ic
after decrypted: No romatic in China