（Python实用）用Python做的交互式动态大图

今天给大家分享1个pyecharts交互式动态可视化案例，通过先拆分、后组合的方式，一步步教你如何实现，具体成果如下。

本次案例数据来源于国家统计局，通过爬虫获取，这里已给大家备好，请在文末获取

一、绘制基本图形

用pandas读取数据，通过整合数据格式，分别用pyecharts绘制地图、柱状图、饼图，具体内容如下：

1.绘制地图

import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType
from pyecharts.commons.utils import JsCode
from pyecharts.charts import Timeline, Grid, Bar, Map, Pie
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_excel('全国各省财政收入.xlsx',index_col=0)
years=list(data.keys()) #获取列名
citys=list(data.index)    #获取索引行名
citys=[city.replace('省','').replace('市','').replace('自治区','') for city in citys]
datas=[]
for y in years:
    dict_year={}
    dict_year['time']=y
    data_list=[[i,j] for i,j in zip(citys,list(data[y]))]
    dict_year['data']=sorted(data_list, key=(lambda x: x[1]),reverse=True)
    datas.append(dict_year)
map_data = [i["data"] for i in datas if i["time"]==2010][0]
min_data, max_data = (
        min([d[1] for d in map_data]),
        max([d[1] for d in map_data]),
    )
map_chart = (
        Map(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.DARK))
        .add(
            series_name="",
            data_pair=map_data,
            label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
            is_map_symbol_show=False,
        )
        .set_global_opts(
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                title="2000年以来中国各省GDP排名变化情况",
                subtitle="GDP单位:亿元",
                pos_left="center",
                pos_top="top",
                title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                    font_size=25, color="rgba(123,104,238, 0.9)"
                ),
            ),
            visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
                is_calculable=True,
                dimension=0,
                pos_left="10",
                pos_top="center",
                range_text=["High", "Low"],
                range_color=["lightskyblue", "yellow", "orangered"],
                textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#ddd"),
                min_=min_data,
                max_=max_data,
            ),
        )
    )
map_chart.render_notebook()

 

2.绘制柱状图

map_data = [i["data"] for i in datas if i["time"]==y][0]
min_data, max_data = (
    min([d[1] for d in map_data]),
    max([d[1] for d in map_data]),
)
bar_x_data = [x[0] for x in map_data]
bar_y_data = [x[1] for x in map_data]
bar = (
        Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.DARK))
        .add_xaxis(xaxis_data=bar_x_data)
        .add_yaxis(
            series_name="",
            yaxis_data=bar_y_data,
            label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
                is_show=True, position="right", formatter="{b}: {c}"
            ),
        )
        .reversal_axis()
        .set_global_opts(
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                title="2000年以来中国各省GDP排名变化情况",
                subtitle="GDP单位:亿元",
                pos_left="center",
                pos_top="top",
                title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                    font_size=25, color="rgba(123,104,238, 0.9)"
                ),
            ),
            xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False)),
            yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False)),
            tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=False),
            visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
                is_calculable=True,
                dimension=0,
                pos_left="10",
                pos_top="center",
                range_text=["High", "Low"],
                range_color=["lightskyblue", "yellow", "orangered"],
                textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#ddd"),
                min_=min_data,
                max_=max_data,
            ),
        )
    )
bar.render_notebook()

 

3.绘制饼图

pie_data = [[x[0], x[1]] for x in map_data]
percent_sum = sum([x[1] for x in map_data])
rest_value = 0
for d in map_data:
    rest_percent = 100.0
    rest_percent = rest_percent - percent_sum
    rest_value = d[1] * (rest_percent / d[1])
pie = (
    Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.DARK))
    .add(
        series_name="",
        data_pair=pie_data,
        radius=["12%", "20%"],
        center=["50%", "50%"],
        itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
            border_width=1, border_color="rgba(0,0,0,0.3)"
        ),
    )
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                title="2000年以来中国各省GDP排名变化情况",
                subtitle="GDP单位:亿元",
                pos_left="center",
                pos_top="top",
                title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                    font_size=25, color="rgba(123,104,238, 0.9)"
                ),
            ),
        tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=True, formatter="{b} {d}%"),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(is_show=False),
    )
)
pie.render_notebook()

 

二、绘制动图

在基本图形的基础上，引入timeline函数，绘制相应动态图形：

1.绘制动态地图

def get_year_chart(year: int):
    map_data = [i["data"] for i in datas if i["time"]==year][0]
    min_data, max_data = (
            min([d[1] for d in map_data]),
            max([d[1] for d in map_data]),
        )
    map_chart = (
            Map(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.DARK))
            .add(
                series_name="",
                data_pair=map_data,
                label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
                is_map_symbol_show=False,
            )
            .set_global_opts(
                title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                    title="{}年以来中国各省GDP排名情况".format(year),
                    subtitle="GDP单位:亿元",
                    pos_left="center",
                    pos_top="top",
                    title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                        font_size=25, color="rgba(123,104,238, 0.9)"
                    ),
                ),
                visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
                    is_calculable=True,
                    dimension=0,
                    pos_left="10",
                    pos_top="center",
                    range_text=["High", "Low"],
                    range_color=["lightskyblue", "yellow", "orangered"],
                    textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#ddd"),
                    min_=min_data,
                    max_=max_data,
                ),
            )
        )
    return map_chart
time_list = list(range(2000,2020))
timeline = Timeline(
    init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1000px", height="800px", theme=ThemeType.DARK)
)
for y in time_list:
    g = get_year_chart(year=y)
    timeline.add(g, time_point=str(y))

timeline.add_schema(
    orient="vertical",
    is_auto_play=True,
    is_inverse=True,
    play_interval=500,
    pos_left="null",
    pos_right="5",
    pos_top="20",
    pos_bottom="20",
    width="50",
    label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True, color="#fff"),
)
timeline.render_notebook()

 

2.绘制动态柱状图

def get_year_chart(year: int):
    map_data = [i["data"] for i in datas if i["time"]==year][0]
    min_data, max_data = (
        min([d[1] for d in map_data]),
        max([d[1] for d in map_data]),
    )
    bar_x_data = [x[0] for x in map_data]
    bar_y_data = [x[1] for x in map_data]
    bar = (
            Bar(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.DARK))
            .add_xaxis(xaxis_data=bar_x_data)
            .add_yaxis(
                series_name="",
                yaxis_data=bar_y_data,
                label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(
                    is_show=True, position="right", formatter="{b}: {c}"
                ),
            )
            .reversal_axis()
            .set_global_opts(
                title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                    title="2000年以来中国各省GDP排名变化情况",
                    subtitle="GDP单位:亿元",
                    pos_left="center",
                    pos_top="top",
                    title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                        font_size=25, color="rgba(123,104,238, 0.9)"
                    ),
                ),
                xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False)),
                yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False)),
                tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=False),
                visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
                    is_calculable=True,
                    dimension=0,
                    pos_left="10",
                    pos_top="center",
                    range_text=["High", "Low"],
                    range_color=["lightskyblue", "yellow", "orangered"],
                    textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(color="#ddd"),
                    min_=min_data,
                    max_=max_data,
                ),
            )
        )
    return bar
time_list = list(range(2000,2020))
timeline = Timeline(
    init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1000px", height="800px", theme=ThemeType.DARK)
)
for y in time_list:
    g = get_year_chart(year=y)
    timeline.add(g, time_point=str(y))

timeline.add_schema(
    orient="vertical",
    is_auto_play=True,
    is_inverse=True,
    play_interval=500,
    pos_left="null",
    pos_right="5",
    pos_top="20",
    pos_bottom="20",
    width="50",
    label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True, color="#fff"),
)
timeline.render_notebook()

 

3.绘制动态饼图

def get_year_chart(year: int):
    map_data = [i["data"] for i in datas if i["time"]==year][0]
    min_data, max_data = (
        min([d[1] for d in map_data]),
        max([d[1] for d in map_data]),
    )
    pie_data = [[x[0], x[1]] for x in map_data]
    percent_sum = sum([x[1] for x in map_data])
    rest_value = 0
    for d in map_data:
        rest_percent = 100.0
        rest_percent = rest_percent - percent_sum
        rest_value = d[1] * (rest_percent / d[1])
    pie = (
        Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme=ThemeType.DARK))
        .add(
            series_name="",
            data_pair=pie_data,
            radius=["12%", "20%"],
            center=["50%", "50%"],
            itemstyle_opts=opts.ItemStyleOpts(
                border_width=1, border_color="rgba(0,0,0,0.3)"
            ),
        )
        .set_global_opts(
            title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
                    title="2000年以来中国各省GDP排名变化情况",
                    subtitle="GDP单位:亿元",
                    pos_left="center",
                    pos_top="top",
                    title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                        font_size=25, color="rgba(123,104,238, 0.9)"
                    ),
                ),
            tooltip_opts=opts.TooltipOpts(is_show=True, formatter="{b} {d}%"),
            legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(is_show=False),
        )
    )
    return pie
time_list = list(range(2000,2020))
timeline = Timeline(
    init_opts=opts.InitOpts(width="1000px", height="800px", theme=ThemeType.DARK)
)
for y in time_list:
    g = get_year_chart(year=y)
    timeline.add(g, time_point=str(y))

timeline.add_schema(
    orient="vertical",
    is_auto_play=True,
    is_inverse=True,
    play_interval=500,
    pos_left="null",
    pos_right="5",
    pos_top="20",
    pos_bottom="20",
    width="50",
    label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=True, color="#fff"),
)
timeline.render_notebook()

三、合并动图

最后，通过grid模块将三个图形合并到一起：