RISCV中ecall指令的执行过程（附系统调用对应的系统调用号）

RISCV中，ecall指令的执行过程

ecall指令是在RISCV中被定义为环境调用指令，用于向系统发起一次系统调用。实际的RISCV中把ecall指令定义为异常指令，系统读取mcause寄存器（这个CSR是用于记录进入异常的原因的寄存器），发现是ecall指令后，根据a7寄存器的值来确定系统调用的类型，由操作系统执行对应的系统调用，然后返回继续执行用户程序，不同的编号对应的系统调用类型如下：

代码选自riscv-pk源码中的pk/pk/syscall.h,供参考。

// See LICENSE for license details.

#ifndef _PK_SYSCALL_H
#define _PK_SYSCALL_H

#define SYS_exit 93
#define SYS_exit_group 94
#define SYS_getpid 172
#define SYS_kill 129
#define SYS_tgkill 131
#define SYS_read 63
#define SYS_write 64
#define SYS_openat 56
#define SYS_close 57
#define SYS_lseek 62
#define SYS_brk 214
#define SYS_linkat 37
#define SYS_unlinkat 35
#define SYS_mkdirat 34
#define SYS_renameat 38
#define SYS_chdir 49
#define SYS_getcwd 17
#define SYS_fstat 80
#define SYS_fstatat 79
#define SYS_faccessat 48
#define SYS_pread 67
#define SYS_pwrite 68
#define SYS_uname 160
#define SYS_getuid 174
#define SYS_geteuid 175
#define SYS_getgid 176
#define SYS_getegid 177
#define SYS_gettid 178
#define SYS_sysinfo 179
#define SYS_mmap 222
#define SYS_munmap 215
#define SYS_mremap 216
#define SYS_mprotect 226
#define SYS_prlimit64 261
#define SYS_getmainvars 2011
#define SYS_rt_sigaction 134
#define SYS_writev 66
#define SYS_gettimeofday 169
#define SYS_times 153
#define SYS_fcntl 25
#define SYS_ftruncate 46
#define SYS_getdents 61
#define SYS_dup 23
#define SYS_dup3 24
#define SYS_readlinkat 78
#define SYS_rt_sigprocmask 135
#define SYS_ioctl 29
#define SYS_getrlimit 163
#define SYS_setrlimit 164
#define SYS_getrusage 165
#define SYS_clock_gettime 113
#define SYS_set_tid_address 96
#define SYS_set_robust_list 99
#define SYS_madvise 233
#define SYS_statx 291

#define OLD_SYSCALL_THRESHOLD 1024
#define SYS_open 1024
#define SYS_link 1025
#define SYS_unlink 1026
#define SYS_mkdir 1030
#define SYS_access 1033
#define SYS_stat 1038
#define SYS_lstat 1039
#define SYS_time 1062

#define IS_ERR_VALUE(x) ((unsigned long)(x) >= (unsigned long)-4096)
#define ERR_PTR(x) ((void*)(long)(x))
#define PTR_ERR(x) ((long)(x))

#undef AT_FDCWD
#define AT_FDCWD -100

long do_syscall(long a0, long a1, long a2, long a3, long a4, long a5, unsigned long n);

#endif