shell-18.sed-cut-awk-sort（流的文件操作）

sed（常用法）

参数：
 -e 直接在指令列模式上进行sed的动作编辑（一条指令可以不加-e）
 -i 直接编辑文件（重定向了）
命令（配合正则表达式使用 ）：
 -a 进行追加的
 -d 进行删除
 -s进行查找并替换

[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig | sed -e '1,3s/192/XXX/g'  
eth3      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:4F:62:78  
          inet addr:XXX.168.71.100  Bcast:XXX.168.71.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:6278/64 Scope:Link

[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig | sed -e '1,3s/192/XXX/g' -e '4,6d'   #找1-3行的192皇换成XXX   并执行把4-6行删除 
eth3      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:4F:62:78  
          inet addr:XXX.168.71.100  Bcast:XXX.168.71.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:6278/64 Scope:Link
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:461584 (450.7 KiB)  TX bytes:354255 (345.9 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:480 (480.0 b)  TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)

在1-3行后一行加XXXX（-a）

[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig | sed  '1,3axiaosi'  
eth3      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:4F:62:78  
xiaosi
          inet addr:192.168.71.100  Bcast:192.168.71.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
xiaosi
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:6278/64 Scope:Link
xiaosi
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:4226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2582 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:479584 (468.3 KiB)  TX bytes:369971 (361.2 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:480 (480.0 b)  TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)

把命令从Link到Up的部分，其中的line部分换成XXX

[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig | sed  '/Link/,/UP/s/line/XXXX/g'
eth3      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:4F:62:78  
          inet addr:192.168.71.100  Bcast:192.168.71.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:6278/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:4501 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2741 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:509857 (497.9 KiB)  TX bytes:394713 (385.4 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:480 (480.0 b)  TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)

cut

• -d 以什么为分隔符
• -f取第几列
• -c指定具体字符

[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig |grep Bcast | cut -d: -f 1 |cut -c 1             
 
[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig |grep Bcast | cut -d: -f 1 
          inet addr
[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig |grep Bcast | cut -d: -f 2 
192.168.71.100  Bcast
[root@master xiaosi]# ifconfig |grep Bcast | cut -d: -f 2 | cut -c 2-8
92.168.

awk（待补）

sort

• -n 依照数值的大小排序
• -r 以相反的顺序来牌序
• -t 设置以什么来排（分隔符）
• -k 指定需要排序的列

[root@master xiaosi]# cat passwd | grep ^a | sort -n 
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
[root@master xiaosi]# cat passwd | grep ^a | sort -t : -k 3    
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
[root@master xiaosi]# cat passwd | grep ^a | sort -t : -k 3  -n
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin