文章目录
前言
这段时间有粉丝小伙伴在后台私信问我Java中浅拷贝和深拷贝这方面的问题,我一直很忙,今天抽空写篇博客,希望帮助有需要的朋友,如有不完整的地方,欢迎给出建议和补充 ~
一、Java中为什么要用到拷贝 ?
在某些情况下,我们需要保存当前对象的某种状态,那么我们需要将当前对象的状态的值赋给一个新的对象。首先想到的是新建一个对象,然后将当前对象中的变量一个一个的赋值给新对象,但是这样做如果变量多的情况下,会很麻烦。那么有没有好一点的办法呢?那就是通过拷贝的方式,来实现一次性将全部变量赋值 ~
二、拷贝分类
1.引用拷贝
这种形式的代码复制的是引用,即对象在内存中的地址,a和b对象仍然指向了同一个对象。
代码如下(示例):
public class QuoteCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student= new Student("nanyii", 23);
Student newStudent = student;
System.out.println(student);
System.out.println(newStudent);
}
}
class Student{
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
输出结果:
com.nanyi.Student@36b352hf
com.nanyi.Student@36b352hf
结果分析:
由输出结果可以看出,它们的地址值是相同的,那么它们肯定是同一个对象。student和newStudent 的只是地址引用而已,他们都指向了一个相同的对象Student(“nanyii”, 23),这种直接用 = 号赋值的叫做引用拷贝。
2.对象拷贝(浅拷贝与深拷贝)
通过调用 clone() 方法创建对象本身的一个副本,浅拷贝和深拷贝都属于对象拷贝。
代码如下(示例):
public class ObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Student student= new Student("nanyii", 23);
Student newStudent= (Student) Student.clone();
System.out.println(student);
System.out.println(newStudent);
}
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object object = super.clone();
return object;
}
}
输出结果:
com.nanyi.Student@38a38fh8
com.nanyi.Student@50b062af
3.浅拷贝与深拷贝具体分析
1 、浅拷贝
(1)定义:
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。即对象的浅拷贝会对“主”对象进行拷贝,但不会复制主对象里面的对象。”里面的对象“会在原来的对象和它的副本之间共享,也就是说,浅拷贝仅仅复制所考虑的对象,而不复制它里面所引用的其它类型的对象。
(2)代码示例 :
public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("hxx");
teacher.setAge(18);
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("nanyii");
student1.setAge(23);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
System.out.println("-------------拷贝后-------------");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("-------------修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("hxx_My girl friend");
System.out.println("student1的teacher为: " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("student2的teacher为: " + student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object object = super.clone();
return object;
}
}
输出结果:
-------------拷贝后-------------
hxx
18
nanyii
23
-------------修改老师的信息后-------------
student1的teacher为: hxx_My girl friend
student2的teacher为: hxx_My girl friend
结果分析:
两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象,但是两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是同一个对象,所以说明是浅拷贝。
示意图:
2 、深拷贝
(1)定义:
深拷贝是一个整个独立的对象拷贝,深拷贝会拷贝所有的属性,并拷贝属性指向的动态分配的内存。当对象和它所引用的对象一起拷贝时即发生深拷贝。深拷贝相比于浅拷贝速度较慢并且花销较大。也就是说,深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。
(2)代码示例 :
public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("hxx");
teacher.setAge(18);
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("nanyii");
student1.setAge(23);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
System.out.println("-------------拷贝后-------------");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("-------------修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("hxx_My girl friend");
System.out.println("student1的teacher为: " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("student2的teacher为: " + student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// 浅复制时:
// Object object = super.clone();
// return object;
// 改为深复制:
Student student = (Student) super.clone();
// 本来是浅复制,现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
student.setTeacher((Teacher) student.getTeacher().clone());
return student;
}
}
输出结果:
-------------拷贝后-------------
hxx
18
nanyii
23
-------------修改老师的信息后-------------
student1的teacher为: hxx_My girl friend
student2的teacher为: hxx
结果分析:
两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象,两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是两个对象,但对teacher对象的修改只能影响student1对象,所以说是深拷贝。
示意图:
三、总结
如有所补充,请下方留言~~