《机器学习100天》学习笔记——Day 2_Simple_Linear_Regression(简单线性回归)

100-Days-Of-ML-Code
中文版《机器学习100天》
GitHub ：https://github.com/MLEveryday/100-Days-Of-ML-Code

分为四步走：

1、数据预处理

# Data Preprocessing
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

dataset = pd.read_csv('D:\PycharmProjects\DataSet\studentscores.csv')
X = dataset.iloc[ : ,   : 1 ].values
Y = dataset.iloc[ : , 1 ].values

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split( X, Y, test_size = 1/4, random_state = 0)

iloc 使得我们可以对column使用slice（切片）的方法对数据进行选取。

2、训练集使用简单线性回归模型来训练

# Fitting Simple Linear Regression Model to the training set
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regressor = LinearRegression()	#先创建一个LinearRegression类的regressor对象
regressor = regressor.fit(X_train, Y_train)	#使用LinearRegression类的fit()方法对数据集进行训练

LinearRegression 拟合一个带有系数 w = (w_1, …, w_p) 的线性模型，使得数据集实际观测数据和预测数据（估计值）之间的残差平方和最小。

3、预测结果

# Predecting the Result
Y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)	#使用LinearRegression类的predict()方法预测来自测试集的结果，并把输出保存在Y_pred向量中

4、可视化

使用matplotlib.pyplot库对训练集和测试集结果绘制散点图，查看模型预测效果。
（1）训练集结果可视化

# Visualising the Training results
plt.scatter(X_train , Y_train, color = 'red')
plt.plot(X_train , regressor.predict(X_train), color ='yellow')
plt.show()

结果如下：

（2）测试集结果可视化

# Visualizing the test results
plt.scatter(X_test , Y_test, color = 'black')
plt.plot(X_test , regressor.predict(X_test), color ='blue')
plt.show()

结果如下：

完整代码如下：

# Data Preprocessing
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

dataset = pd.read_csv('D:\PycharmProjects\DataSet\studentscores.csv')
X = dataset.iloc[ : ,   : 1 ].values
Y = dataset.iloc[ : , 1 ].values

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split( X, Y, test_size = 1/4, random_state = 0)

# Fitting Simple Linear Regression Model to the training set
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor = regressor.fit(X_train, Y_train)

# Predecting the Result
Y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)

# Visualising the Training results
plt.scatter(X_train , Y_train, color = 'red')
plt.plot(X_train , regressor.predict(X_train), color ='yellow')
plt.show()

# Visualizing the test results
plt.scatter(X_test , Y_test, color = 'black')
plt.plot(X_test , regressor.predict(X_test), color ='blue')
plt.show()