Docker8_1.Docker volume容器数据卷挂载
官放文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/volume/
挂载为什么会出现？
场景： 如果将数据都存放在容器中，那么删除容器，数据就会丢失。
以MySQL为例，进行数据的持久化，容器删了，等价于删库跑路了，那么为了防止删除容器连带数据一起删除，因此有没有办法要把数据存储在本地？
容器之间有一个数据共享的技术，Docker容器产生的数据，可以同步到本地，这就是卷技术，将容器的目录挂载到Linux服务器的磁盘上。
总结： 容器的持久化和同步操作，容器之间也是可以数据共享的，挂载是一个双向绑定的过程，即使容器停止运行，依然不影响数据共享。
docker volume：容器数据卷挂载命令
#语法：
docker volume COMMAND COMMAND
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| docker volume create | 创建卷 |
| docker volume inspect | 显示一个或多个卷的详细信息。 |
| docker volume ls | 列表显示卷 |
| docker volume prune | 删除所有未使用的本地卷 |
| docker volume rm | 删除一个或多个卷 |
使用数据卷
直接使用命令来挂载 -v
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器目录 -p 主机端口:容器端口
以tomcat为例，我这里将本机/home和容器内的/usr/local进行挂载
交互式进入容器/usr/local目录
[root@localhost home]# docker run -it --name tomcat03 -v /home:/usr/local tomcat:9.0 /bin/bash
root@e6c3e51c8d9d:/usr/local/tomcat# cd ..
root@e6c3e51c8d9d:/usr/local# ls
haokai tomcat
root@e6c3e51c8d9d:/usr/local#
查看本机的挂载目录
[root@localhost /]# cd home/
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 4
drwx------. 15 haokai haokai 4096 Jan 6 02:12 haokai
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jan 6 02:11 tomcat
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
docker inspect 容器id 查看挂载信息
mounts就是挂载的相关信息
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/home",
"Destination": "/usr/local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e6c3e51c8d9d tomcat:9.0 "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 8080/tcp tomcat03
a16acb738a00 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 8080/tcp tomcat01
1a5a0ffc0338 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 25 hours ago Up 41 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp, :::8088->9000/tcp inspiring_newton
[root@localhost home]# docker inspect e6c3e51c8d9d
[
{
"Id": "e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3",
"Created": "2022-01-06T07:11:59.325202834Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 5185,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-01-06T07:12:00.042744181Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:76206e3ba4b1e2f4dcf8a83c0983e49f04cb57fbdf5adf0ce3738dfed5244766",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3-json.log",
"Name": "/tomcat03",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"/home:/usr/local"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f270bfbf9e8789ed4fcdea2cb15f8c997ea458f119d5e49c367ab4326de9564/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af24043e0eb9b086d2c4fbd86c98e55c8b010e08dd1273a2ae3d1c7b0695a11/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ebacc466ba7e410fda102bb0f304c0ac9c340467bbfd77c7a9754da0b8e9ddb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/20ce8849bd101acdee36b79fa6099266859494774cde3f66e6e41e295fe27e48/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c3de8d96a381ed34d032685cb6149f88ea470b2a798a8175c63726b3162ab5df/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e4eac200f570cdc4f1da6ee9dd3d8a3836d05c2b29be2c0de43ce0ef4140073/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8118e9b590dd04446e9229833c4f51e648fe0cd94625f3a9703461736017952b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0ba4d33256cf4a96bb9f35fe5c06f8491c9ae2aa3b4d6cfa9dbd20ada23fe488/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ca76cc06bb1ef195f5dee5b1d914dac98116f4684892f375de4820a39e59e0c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ffdceab11e1db7f0c6cd2c3d0f7ae6114dd6df84722d890d92f14ae31c43f379/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/home",
"Destination": "/usr/local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "e6c3e51c8d9d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"ExposedPorts": {
"8080/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11",
"LANG=C.UTF-8",
"JAVA_VERSION=11.0.13",
"CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
"TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"GPG_KEYS=48F8E69F6390C9F25CFEDCD268248959359E722B A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243",
"TOMCAT_MAJOR=9",
"TOMCAT_VERSION=9.0.55",
"TOMCAT_SHA512=a0c480b8bba09069bda3b57f54e658450a59d799474ad587dead0ffbf5074c16ee3f9f9c13312d0ff3227c7034589dabf25941fbd672838e9baeee9661e024dc"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "tomcat:9.0",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "306f7ccc0319284edfe8ccc7834bf1cd6862fd2972c3972c51ee4fe96dafd143",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"8080/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/306f7ccc0319",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "2623e819c883a1ece4e4862b13e5515c906bfede639e3ae4305d5dc8d82efc3d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "1f628b850dab8ed82c1b9596b224633604d8eea05744de5ce56bb240ee6346dc",
"EndpointID": "2623e819c883a1ece4e4862b13e5515c906bfede639e3ae4305d5dc8d82efc3d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@localhost home]#
三种挂载方式
# 如何确定是具名挂载、匿名挂载、指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径 匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径 具名挂载
-v /容器外路径:/容器内路径 指定路径挂载，看前面是否有/
# 通过 -v 容器内路径:ro(readonly 只读) 或 rw(默认：readwrite 可读可写) 改变读写权限
# 一旦设置了容器权限，这时容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了，针对容器而言。
# ro也就是不能在容器内操作了，只能通过外部改变数据同步容器，容器内不能在进行操作
docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx/:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx/:rw nginx
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