Docker安装Nginx1：不指定镜像版本，不用数据卷

0.确保有操作权限

确保有权限，自己多个账号玩没权限的话，直接su切换root去做或者sudo执行相关命令。

su

sudo docker images

1.搜索镜像

搜索nginx镜像，docker search是看不了版本号的，建议去网站上去搜索，可以看到版本号。

docker search nginx

[root@localhost /]# docker search nginx
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        15859     [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2096                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   819                  [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager          Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   281
linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   160
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   145                  [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager       Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        144                  [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                   NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   110                  [OK]
nginxdemos/hello                  NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   78                   [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine       PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al…   60                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress               NGINX and  NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo…   57
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged       Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  54
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy            Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   27
staticfloat/nginx-certbot         Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo…   25                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter   NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN…   22
schmunk42/nginx-redirect          A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   19                   [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   16
centos/nginx-18-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   13
bitwarden/nginx                   The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r…   11
flashspys/nginx-static            Super Lightweight Nginx Image                   11                   [OK]
webdevops/nginx                   Nginx container                                 9                    [OK]
mailu/nginx                       Mailu nginx frontend                            9                    [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter         Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a…   7                    [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb   An APB to deploy NGINX                          3                    [OK]
wodby/nginx                       Generic nginx                                   1                    [OK]
[root@localhost /]#

2.拉取(下载)镜像

docker pull nginx

不指定版本号默认为latest，因此一般先去官网查看版本信息，自己指定一个版本去拉取。

[root@localhost /]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Pull complete
1e5351450a59: Pull complete
2df63e6ce2be: Pull complete
9171c7ae368c: Pull complete
020f975acd28: Pull complete
266f639b35ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@localhost /]#

3.查看本地下载的镜像

docker images

[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
nginx        latest    ea335eea17ab   8 days ago   141MB
[root@localhost /]#

4.启动容器

docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3301:80 nginx

• -d 表示后台启动
• –name 指定容器名字
• -p port1:port2
  • port1宿主机端口，也就是你服务器对外提供(映射)的访问端口
  • port2容器内部端口，即nginx容器内的端口，默认是80

docker -p端口暴露
-p的作用就是容器内部端口和容器外部端口进行映射，内外端口有映射才能访问。
如果关闭防火墙，相当于对外暴露所有端口。

5.查看运行中的容器

docker ps

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
aca793e8d0cc   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:3301->80/tcp, :::3301->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@localhost /]#

6.运行测试

curl查看访问nginx

curl nginx容器外部映射的端口号:3301

[root@localhost /]# curl localhost:3301
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost /]#

访问对应ip+端口号

7.进入容器

docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash

root@aca793e8d0cc:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@aca793e8d0cc:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@aca793e8d0cc:/etc/nginx# ll
bash: ll: command not found
root@aca793e8d0cc:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
root@aca793e8d0cc:/etc/nginx#

8.退出容器，并停止

exit退出容器

conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
root@aca793e8d0cc:/etc/nginx# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]#

停止容器：docker stop 容器name

[root@localhost /]# docker stop nginx01
nginx01
[root@localhost /]#