strtok函数分割字符串的使用

一、函数功能

C 库函数 char *strtok(char *str, const char *delim) 分解字符串 str 为一组字符串，delim 为分隔符。

二、函数解析

1.函数原型

char *strtok(char *str, const char *delim)

2.参数

char *str        要被分割的目标字符串

char *delim   要分割目标字符串的分隔符，必须被包含于目标字符串中

3.返回值

函数返回被分解的第一个子字符串，如果没有可检索的字符串（分隔符），则返回一个空指针。

三、实例 

 用C库字符串处理函数，解析GSM模块通过串口回传的字符串年、月、日、时、分、秒、经度、纬度，并通过库函数将字符串转换为int、double的数据类型。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct{
	unsigned int year;
	unsigned int mon;
	unsigned int day;
	unsigned int hour;
	unsigned int min;
	unsigned int sec;
	double latitude;
	double longitude;
}DATA;

int main(void)
{ 
#if 1   
	DATA data;
	char  str_src_1[] = "+CGNSINF:1,1,20200623084942.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
	char *BUFF=str_src_1;
	char data_temp[20] = {0};
	char *BUFF_data=data_temp;
	char * pp ;
	BUFF+=strlen("+CGNSINF:1,1,");//"20200623084942.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
			strncpy(BUFF_data,BUFF,4);data.year = atoi(BUFF_data);//2020
	
	BUFF+=4;strncpy(BUFF_data,BUFF,2);data.mon  = atoi(BUFF_data);//6
	//"0623084942.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";	

	BUFF+=2;strncpy(BUFF_data,BUFF,2);data.day  = atoi(BUFF_data);//23
	//"23084942.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";	
	
	BUFF+=2;strncpy(BUFF_data,BUFF,2);data.hour = atoi(BUFF_data);//8
	//"084942.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";	
	
	BUFF+=2;strncpy(BUFF_data,BUFF,2);data.min  = atoi(BUFF_data);//49
	//"4942.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
	
	BUFF+=2;strncpy(BUFF_data,BUFF,2);data.sec  = atoi(BUFF_data);//42	
	//"42.000,22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
	
	strtok(BUFF,",");
	//"22.537237,113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
	
	pp=strtok(NULL,",");//*pp=22.537237
	//"113.939234,13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
	
	data.latitude = atof(pp);//double 类型  22.537237  
	pp=strtok(NULL,",");//*pp=113.939234
	//"13.423,0.07,0.0,1,,1.0,1.4,0.9,,10,7,,,37,,";
	
	data.longitude = atof(pp);//double 类型 113.939234	
	return 0;

#endif 
}

四、注意事项

数据缓冲区的指针必须绑定可用的左值（内存单元）

比如在上述实列中，用到了库函数 char *strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)，其中的参数char * dest ,传入的实参必须绑定一个已经定义好的左值（内存单元），因为此函数是将src中的前面n个字节保存到dest中，所以dest不能是一个空指针。

看到这里有兄弟可能会问，那你定义char *pp 的时候为啥就没有初始化绑定一个可用的左值（内存单元）。

那是因为char *strtok(char *str, const char *delim) 这个函数执行完成后，返回的是str中分隔符前面的左值（内存单元），而我们传入的str参数肯定是一个具体的地址，所以通过pp=strtok(NULL,",");其实是将pp绑定、指向函数返回的左值（内存单元）

 

 

void lcd_show_ram_image(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1,const unsigned char *data)
{	
	  oled_set_pos_1(LCD_W_Start + x0, y0, LCD_W_Start + x1-1, y1-1);	//坐标设置
	  LCD_DC_DATA;
	  LCD_CS_CLR_1;
	  if(!((x1-x0)*(y1-y0)*2/4095))
	  {
			spi_write((void *)data,((x1-x0)*(y1-y0)*2%4095));	
			LCD_CS_SET_1;	
			return ;
	  }	
	 else
	  {
		for(uint8_t line =0;line<((x1-x0)*(y1-y0)*2/4095);line++)
		{
			spi_write((void *)(data+line*4095),4095);	
		}	
			spi_write((void *)(data+((x1-x0)*(y1-y0)*2/4095)*4095),((x1-x0)*(y1-y0)*2%4095));	
			LCD_CS_SET_1;	
		}	
}