Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的工号 Id,姓名 Name,工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId 。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 85000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
| 7 | Will | 70000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如,根据上述给定的表,查询结果应返回:
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 85000 |
| IT | Will | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释:
IT 部门中,Max 获得了最高的工资,Randy 和 Joe 都拿到了第二高的工资,Will 的工资排第三。销售部门(Sales)只有两名员工,Henry 的工资最高,Sam 的工资排第二。
解题思路:
回忆一下 count 函数
MySql
count(字段名) # 返回表中该字段总共有多少条记录
回忆一下 DISTINCT 关键字
MySql
DISTINCT 字段名 # 过滤字段中的重复记录
我们先找出公司里前 3 高的薪水,意思是不超过三个值比这些值大
MySql
SELECT e1.Salary
FROM Employee AS e1
WHERE 3 >
(SELECT count(DISTINCT e2.Salary)
FROM Employee AS e2
WHERE e1.Salary < e2.Salary AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId) ;
举个栗子:
当 e1 = e2 = [4,5,6,7,8]
e1.Salary = 4,e2.Salary 可以取值 [5,6,7,8],count(DISTINCT e2.Salary) = 4
e1.Salary = 5,e2.Salary 可以取值 [6,7,8],count(DISTINCT e2.Salary) = 3
e1.Salary = 6,e2.Salary 可以取值 [7,8],count(DISTINCT e2.Salary) = 2
e1.Salary = 7,e2.Salary 可以取值 [8],count(DISTINCT e2.Salary) = 1
e1.Salary = 8,e2.Salary 可以取值 [],count(DISTINCT e2.Salary) = 0
最后 3 > count(DISTINCT e2.Salary),所以 e1.Salary 可取值为 [6,7,8],即集合前 3 高的薪水
再把表 Department 和表 Employee 连接,获得各个部门工资前三高的员工。
MySql
SELECT
Department.NAME AS Department,
e1.NAME AS Employee,
e1.Salary AS Salary
FROM
Employee AS e1,Department
WHERE
e1.DepartmentId = Department.Id
AND 3 > (SELECT count( DISTINCT e2.Salary )
FROM Employee AS e2
WHERE e1.Salary < e2.Salary AND e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId )
ORDER BY Department.NAME,Salary DESC;