make kselftest-install 报错解决方案

声明：本文中的所有命令运行均在ubuntu-20.04

kselftest是Linux kernel自带的一个自动化测试套件. 首次运行make kselftest-install 通常会报错。为解决该问题，运行如下命令：

$ make kselftest-install 2>err_make.txt

其中这里2是stderr的文件描述符，表示在运行前面的命令的时候把error信息都写在文件err_make.txt (新建或覆盖方式）。

运行完后，打开err_make.txt文件，显示

make[2]: *** [bpf/Makefile:12: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/net/bpf/nat6to4.o] Error 1
/bin/sh: 1: llc: not found
/bin/sh: 3: llc: not found
make[2]: *** [Makefile:27: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/action.o] Error 127
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpopt
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [../lib.mk:173: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/mqueue/mq_open_tests] Error 1
In file included from bpf/nat6to4.c:43:
../../../lib/bpf/bpf_helpers.h:11:10: fatal error: 'bpf_helper_defs.h' file not found
#include "bpf_he/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpopt
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [../lib.mk:173: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/mqueue/mq_open_tests] Error 1
In file included from bpf/nat6to4.c:43:
../../../lib/bpf/bpf_helpers.h:11:10: fatal error: 'bpf_helper_defs.h' file not found
#include "bpf_helper_defs.h"
         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [bpf/Makefile:12: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/net/bpf/nat6to4.o] Error 1
/bin/sh: 1: llc: not found
/bin/sh: 3: llc: not found
make[2]: *** [Makefile:27: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/action.o] Error 127
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpopt
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [../lib.mk:173: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/mqueue/mq_open_tests] Error 1
In file included from bpf/nat6to4.c:43:
../../../lib/bpf/bpf_helpers.h:11:10: fatal error: 'bpf_helper_defs.h' file not found
#include "bpf_helper_defs.h"
         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [bpf/Makefile:12: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/net/bpf/nat6to4.o] Error 1
/bin/sh: 1: llc: not found
/bin/sh: 3: llc: not found
make[2]: *** [Makefile:27: /home/minipc/stable_rc/linux-5.19.0/tools/testing/selftests/tc-testing/action.o] Error 127
err_make.txt.1 (END)

这里我们一个个分析：

 1. /bin/sh: 1: llc: not found 和 /bin/sh: 3: llc: not found 表示sh不能识别llc 命令

$ llc

Command 'llc' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install llvm

按提示安装llvm包

$ sudo apt install llvm

安装完成后，运行which llc

$ which llc
/usr/bin/llc

说明llc已经安装好了

2.  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpopt  表明链接(Linker)发现缺少库文件，形式为lxxx，l代表library, 这里表示popt库缺失，运行如下命令安装

$sudo apt-get install libpopt-dev

 3. ../../../lib/bpf/bpf_helpers.h:11:10: fatal error: 'bpf_helper_defs.h' file not found

这表示bpf_helpers.h文件中引用了一个缺失的头文件。在kernel的source根目录下查找该文件

$ find -name bpf_helper_defs.h
./tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/libbpf/include/bpf/bpf_helper_defs.h
./tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/libbpf/bpf_helper_defs.h

发现这个文件存在，只是和上面的bpf_helpers.h不在一个目录下。一个简单的处理方法就是把该文件拷到和它一个目录下，如：

$cp ./tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/libbpf/include/bpf/bpf_helper_defs.h ./tools/lib/bpf/

以上都操作完后，再次运行

$ make kselftest-install 2>err_make.txt

 发现err_make.txt文件为空。

总结，（1）缺少命令，安装含该命令的包；（2）缺少库，安装相应的库；（3）缺少头文件，先在内部找，如果有，拷贝到需要的目录。