SpringMVC笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-04 04:00:00 发布

香榭的落叶l

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-04 04:00:00 发布

阅读量105

点赞数

分类专栏：笔记

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42007742/article/details/105694309

版权

笔记专栏收录该内容

12 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

回顾Servlet

web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

test.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Test</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getParameter("method");
        req.getSession().setAttribute("msg", "执行" + method + "了方法");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

回顾MVC

MVC框架做的事情：
1将url映射到java类或java类方法
2封装用户提交的数据
3处理请求-调用相关的业务处理-封装响应数据
4将响应的数据进行填充 .jsp .html等表示层数据

SpringMVC

三大件

处理器映射器，处理器适配器，视图解析器
在这里插入图片描述
dispacher拦截所有请求，交给处理器映射，再执行返回dispatcher，再通过处理适配器交给Controller，执行完返回结果到视图处理，之后返回给前端。

依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl/jstl -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        下面不是主要依赖
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.28</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.3</version>
        </dependency>

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
<!--/匹配所有请求（不包括jsp，/*包括）-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置resources下的springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--处理映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!-- 视图解析器配置（最普遍通用视图解析器） -->
    <!--1获取ModelAndView中的数据；2解析其中的视图名；3拼接视图名找到对应视图；4将数据写进视图-->
    <bean id="InternalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--jsp文件所在的包名前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"></property>
        <!--jsp文件的后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
<bean id="/hello" class="com.controller.HelloController"/>
<!--注意访问名称前有斜杠，不然会报错-->

配置Controller

package com.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @author: 1298509345
 * date: 2020/4/7
 * Time: 16:32
 */
public class HelloController implements Controller {

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        //创建模型视图对象
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //封装对象
        mv.addObject("msg", "HelloSpringMVC");
        //封装要跳转的视图，放在mv中，WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

注解配置文件

web.xml跟之前相同。
springmvc-servlet.xml配置注解扫描。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"/>
    <!--让springmvc不处理静态资源-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--解析视图前缀后缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

Controller类

@Controller//被Controller注解的类中的所有方法返回值为String且有具体页面可以跳转的就会被视图解析器解析
//@RequestMapping("h")
public class HelloController {
    /**
     * 如果类上还有RequestMapping，会有一个层级关系，如h/hello
     */
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model) {
        //封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg", "helloSpringMVC");
        //会被视图解析器处理
        return "hello";
    }

}

流程

1 .web项目
2.依赖（jar包）
3.web.xml 注册DispatcherServlet
4.springmvc配置文件
5.Controller
6.视图（jsp，html）和controller对应
7.运行

注解

不同层的注解，但效果一样

@Component  
@Service    service
@Controller Controller
@Repository Dao

Restful风格

在这里插入图片描述

@Controller
public class RestfulController {
    //之前的方式http://localhost:8080/springmvc_3_war_exploded/add?a=1&b=3
    //Restful:http://localhost:8080/springmvc_3_war_exploded/add/a=1/b=3

   	//questMapping(name = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")每个方法都有对应的变体
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a,@PathVariable int b, Model model) {
        int res = a + b;
        model.addAttribute("msg", res);
        return "test";
    }
}
显式定义用name可能会有错，应当用value或者path
//Restful风格可通过相同url使用不同方法，如下get和post访问路径相同，可通过表单调用post方法
	//之前的方式http://localhost:8080/springmvc_3_war_exploded/add?a=1&b=3
    //Restful:http://localhost:8080/springmvc_3_war_exploded/add/1/3
    // @RequestMapping(name = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)

    @GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {
        int res = a + b;
        model.addAttribute("msg", res);
        return "test";
    }
    @PostMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String test2(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {
        int res = a + b;
        model.addAttribute("msg","测试2"+ res);
        return "test";
    }
    @GetMapping("/a")
    public String fun_a(){
        return "a";
    }

//jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add/1/2" method="post">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

//如果有两个相同的路径会报错
	@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String test0(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("msg", a + b);
        return "test";
    }

    @GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {
        int res = a + b;
        model.addAttribute("msg", res);
        return "test";
    }

不明确的方法
在这里插入图片描述
所以尽量使用方法的细致Mapping，不用RequestMapping

SpringMVC结果跳转方式

类Servlet转发的方式，没有视图解析器。

@GetMapping("/m1/h1")
public String test(Model model){
    //转发方式
    model.addAttribute("msg","ModelTest1");
    return "/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp";
}
@GetMapping("/m1/h1")
public String test(Model model){
    //重定向方式
    model.addAttribute("msg","ModelTest1");
    return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}

配置了视图解析器只需要返回页面名称，如果要重定向亦然可以添加redirect完成

前后端传参数

//访问路径http://localhost:8080/user/t1?name=qingj//前后端名称须一致
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @GetMapping("/t1")
    public String test1(String name, Model model){
        //接受前端参数
        System.out.println("接到参数为"+name);
        //返回结果给前端
        model.addAttribute("msg",name);
        //视图跳转
        return "test";
    }
}

如果要确定参数名称可通过下，显式定义名称

public String test1(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model)

若传参为对象类型，访问路径的参数必须与对象字段名称一致

//http://localhost:8080/user/t2?name=syg&id=1&age=1
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
}

Model

在这里插入图片描述

中文乱码问题

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/e/t1" method="post">
    <input type="text"name="name">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
<!--表达提交汉字可能会出现乱码，解决方式过滤器-->

//手动过滤器
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
    }

    public void destroy() {

    }
}

xml文件中配置过滤器
<filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

以上这种方式可能还会出现乱码，解决方法，web.xml中添加spring的过滤器

<filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    这里路径有没有星号也有可能是乱码原因
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

JSON

NoClassDefFoundError

启动服务器时没在web-inf文件夹下的lib添加所需的包

添加依赖
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.0</version>
</dependency>

@Controller
public class UserController {
    //ResponseBody不会走视图解析器，也可设置RestController，使其只返回字符串
	//设置编码解决乱码问题
    @RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper=new ObjectMapper();
        User user=new User(3,"八重樱","女");
        对象转为字符串
       	String s = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return s;
    }
}

统一解决方案：spring中有现成的方法避免乱码，修改注解驱动

<!--mvc注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--JSON乱码问题解决-->
    <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
            <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
        </bean>
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
            <property name="objectMapper">
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                    <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>

传集合类型

@RequestMapping("/j2")
@ResponseBody
public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

    List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>(3);
    User user = new User(3, "八重樱1", "女");
    User user2 = new User(3, "八重樱2", "女");
    User user3 = new User(3, "八重樱3", "女");
    users.add(user);
    users.add(user2);
    users.add(user3);
    String s = mapper.writeValueAsString(users);
    return s;
}