Java参数传递-值传递 call by value

编程语言实现的参数传递方法

• call by value
• call by reference

传递的参数类型

• primitive type (numbers & boolean values)
• Object reference

Java是call by value（值传递）, 而且object reference are passed by value

三条准则

• 方法不能改变原始类型参数的值
• 方法可以改变引用类型参数的状态
• 方法不能使引用类型的参数指向新的对象

测试例子

public class ParamTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
          /**
           * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters
           */
         System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
          double percent = 10;
          System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
          tripleValue(percent);
          System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);

          /**
           * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters
           */
          System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
          Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
          System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
          tripleSalary(harry);
          System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());

          /**
           * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters
           */
          System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
          Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000);
          Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
          System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
          System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
          swap(a, b);
          System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
          System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());
    }

    private static void swap(Employee x, Employee y) {
        Employee temp = x;
        x=y;
        y=temp;
        System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
        System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
    }

    private static void tripleSalary(Employee x) {
        x.raiseSalary(200);
        System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
    }

    private static void tripleValue(double x) {
        x=3*x;
        System.out.println("End of Method X= "+x);
    }
}

Testing tripleValue:
Before: percent=10.0
End of Method X= 30.0
After: percent=10.0

Testing tripleSalary:
Before: salary=50000.0
End of method: salary=150000.0
After: salary=150000.0

Testing swap:
Before: a=Alice
Before: b=Bob
End of method: x=Bob   
End of method: y=Alice
After: a=Alice  
After: b=Bob