3 运算符
作用: 用于执行代码的运算
运算符类型 | 作用 |
---|---|
算术运算符 | 处理四则运算 |
赋值运算符 | 将表达式的值赋给变量 |
比较运算符 | 表达式的比较,并返回一个真值或假值 |
逻辑运算符 | 根据表达式的值返回真值或假值 |
3.1 算术运算符
作用: 用于处理四则运算
运算符 | 术语 | 示例 | 结果 |
---|---|---|---|
+ | 正号 | +6 | 6 |
- | 负号 | -6 | -6 |
+ | 加 | 10 + 6 | 16 |
- | 减 | 10 - 6 | 4 |
* | 乘 | 10 * 6 | 60 |
/ | 除 | 66 / 6 | 11 |
% | 取模(取余) | 10 % 3 | 1 |
++ | 前置递增 | a=2; b=++a; | a=3; b=3; |
++ | 后置递增 | a=2; b=a++; | a=3; b=2; |
– | 前置递减 | a=2; b=–a; | a=1; b=1; |
– | 后置递减 | a=2; b=a–; | a=1; b=2; |
示例-加减乘除:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a1 = 10;
int b1 = 3;
cout << a1 + b1 << endl;
cout << a1 - b1 << endl;
cout << a1 * b1 << endl;
cout << a1 / b1 << endl;
int a2 = 10;
int b2 = 20;
cout << a2 / b2 << endl;
double c1 = 0.5;
double c2 = 0.25;
cout << c1 / c2 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
示例-取模:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a1 = 10;
int b1 = 3;
cout << 10 % 3 << endl;
int a2 = 10;
int b2 = 20;
cout << a2 % b2 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
示例-递增:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
//后置递增
int a = 10;
a++; //等价于a = a + 1
cout << a << endl;
//前置递增
int b = 10;
++b;
cout << b << endl;
//区别
//前置递增先对变量进行++,再计算表达式
int a2 = 10;
int b2 = ++a2 * 10;
cout << b2 << endl;
//后置递增先计算表达式,后对变量进行++
int a3 = 10;
int b3 = a3++ * 10;
cout << b3 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
示例-递减:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
//后置递减
int a = 10;
a--; //等价于a = a - 1
cout << a << endl;
//前置递减
int b = 10;
--b;
cout << b << endl;
//区别
//前置递减先对变量进行--,再计算表达式
int a2 = 10;
int b2 = --a2 * 10;
cout << b2 << endl;
//后置递减先计算表达式,后对变量进行--
int a3 = 10;
int b3 = a3-- * 10;
cout << b3 << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.2 赋值运算符
作用: 用于将表达式的值赋给变量
运算符 | 术语 | 示例 | 结果 |
---|---|---|---|
= | 赋值 | a=2; b=3; | a=2; b=3; |
+= | 加等于 | a=0; a+=2; | a=2; |
-= | 减等于 | a=5; a-=3; | a=2; |
*= | 乘等于 | a=2; a*=2; | a=4; |
/= | 除等于 | a=4; a/=2; | a=2; |
%= | 模等于 | a=3; a%2; | a=1; |
示例:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
a = 100;
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
a = 10;
a += 2; // a = a + 2;
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
a = 10;
a -= 2; // a = a - 2
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
a = 10;
a *= 2; // a = a * 2
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
a = 10;
a /= 2; // a = a / 2;
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
a = 10;
a %= 2; // a = a % 2;
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.3 比较运算符
作用: 用于表达式的比较,并返回一个真值或假值
运算符 | 术语 | 示例 | 结果 |
---|---|---|---|
== | 相等于 | 4 == 3 | 0 |
!= | 不等于 | 4 != 3 | 1 |
< | 小于 | 4 < 3 | 0 |
> | 大于 | 4 > 3 | 1 |
<= | 小于等于 | 4 <= 3 | 0 |
>= | 大于等于 | 4 >= 1 | 1 |
示例:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
cout << (a == b) << endl;
cout << (a != b) << endl;
cout << (a > b) << endl;
cout << (a < b) << endl;
cout << (a >= b) << endl;
cout << (a <= b) << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.4 逻辑运算符
作用: 用于根据表达式的值返回真值或假值
运算符 | 术语 | 示例 | 结果 |
---|---|---|---|
! | 非 | !a | 如果a为假,则!a为真; 如果a为真,则!a为假。 |
&& | 与 | a && b | 如果a和b都为真,则结果为真,否则为假。 |
|| | 或 | a || b | 如果a和b有一个为真,则结果为真,二者都为假时,结果为假。 |
示例-逻辑非:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
cout << !a << endl;
cout << !!a << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
示例-逻辑与:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
int b = 10;
cout << (a && b) << endl;
a = 10;
b = 0;
cout << (a && b) << endl;
a = 0;
b = 0;
cout << (a && b) << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
示例-逻辑或:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
int b = 10;
cout << (a || b) << endl;
a = 10;
b = 0;
cout << (a || b) << endl;
a = 0;
b = 0;
cout << (a || b) << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
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