Linux驱动_信号量

上节回顾：Linux驱动_并发与竞争_anieoo的博客-CSDN博客

信号量的特点：
         ①、因为信号量可以使等待资源线程进入休眠状态，因此适用于那些占用资源比较久的场
合。
        ②、因此信号量不能用于中断中，因为信号量会引起休眠，中断不能休眠。
        ③、如果共享资源的持有时间比较短，那就不适合使用信号量了，因为频繁的休眠、切换
线程引起的开销要远大于信号量带来的那点优势。

实验步骤：

        ①在驱动的入口函数中初始化信号量为1。
        ②应用通过open函数打开驱动的时候获取信号量,信号量值减1。
        ③应用通过release函数关闭驱动的时候释放信号量,信号量值加1。

完整代码：

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>

#define GPIOLED_COUNT 1
#define GPIOLED_NAME "semaphore"

#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1

/*gpio设备结构体*/
struct gpioled_dev{
    dev_t devid; /*设备号*/
    int major; /*主设备号*/
    int minor; /*次设备号*/
    struct cdev cdev;
    struct class *class;    /*创建类*/
    struct device *device;  /*创建设备*/
    struct device_node *node; /*设备节点*/
    int led_gpio;
    struct semaphore  sem; /* 定义自旋锁 */
};

struct gpioled_dev gpioled;

static int gpioled_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    filp->private_data = &gpioled; /* 设置私有数据 */
    //应用打开驱动的时候获取信号量
    if(down_interruptible(&gpioled.sem)){
        printk("device has been used!\r\n");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    return 0;
}

static ssize_t gpioled_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
    int ret = 0;
    unsigned char databuf[1];
    
    ret = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
    if(ret < 0){
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if(databuf[0] == LEDON){
        gpio_set_value(gpioled.led_gpio, 0);
    }
    else if(databuf[0] == LEDOFF){
        gpio_set_value(gpioled.led_gpio, 1);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int gpioled_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp){

    struct gpioled_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

    //应用关闭驱动的时候释放信号量
    up(&dev->sem);
    return 0;
}

/*定义字符操作集*/
static const struct file_operations gpioled_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .write = gpioled_write,
    .open = gpioled_open,
    .release = gpioled_release,
};




/*驱动入口函数*/
static int __init led_init(void){

    int ret = 0;

    /* 初始化信号量 */
    sema_init(&gpioled.sem, 1); //初始化信号量为1

    gpioled.major = 0;  /*linux内核自动申请设备号*/
    /*注册字符设备驱动*/
    if(gpioled.major){  /*给定主设备号*/
        gpioled.devid = MKDEV(gpioled.major, 0);
        ret = register_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_COUNT, GPIOLED_NAME);
        }
        else{   /*没给定设备号*/
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&gpioled.devid, 0, GPIOLED_COUNT, GPIOLED_NAME);
        gpioled.major = MAJOR(gpioled.devid);   /*保存主设备号*/
        gpioled.minor = MINOR(gpioled.devid);   /*保存次设备号*/
    }
    if(ret < 0){
        goto failed_devid;
    }
        printk("gpioled major = %d ,minor = %d \r\n",gpioled.major,gpioled.minor);

        /*初始化cdev*/
        gpioled.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
        cdev_init(&gpioled.cdev, &gpioled_fops);
        
        /*添加cdev*/
        ret = cdev_add(&gpioled.cdev, gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_COUNT);
        if(ret < 0){
            goto failed_cdev;
        }

        
        /*自动创建设备节点*/
        /*创建类*/
        gpioled.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, GPIOLED_NAME);
        if(IS_ERR(gpioled.class)){   /*判断是否创建类成功*/
            ret = PTR_ERR(gpioled.class);
            goto failed_class;
        }
        /*创建设备*/
        gpioled.device = device_create(gpioled.class, NULL, gpioled.devid, NULL, GPIOLED_NAME);
        if(IS_ERR(gpioled.device)){   /*判断是否创建类成功*/
            ret = PTR_ERR(gpioled.device);
            goto failed_device;
        }

         /*获取设备节点*/
        gpioled.node = of_find_node_by_path("/gpioled");
        if(gpioled.node == NULL){    /*寻找节点失败*/
            ret = -EINVAL;
            goto failed_findnode;
        }

        /*获取led所对应的gpio*/
        gpioled.led_gpio = of_get_named_gpio(gpioled.node, "led-gpios", 0);
        if(gpioled.led_gpio < 0){
            printk("can't find led gpio \r\n");
            ret = -EINVAL;
            goto failed_findnode;
        }

        printk("led gpio num = %d \r\n",gpioled.led_gpio);

        /*申请gpio*/
        ret = gpio_request(gpioled.led_gpio, "led-gpios");
        if(ret){
            printk("Failed to request gpio \r\n");
            ret = -EINVAL;
            goto failed_findnode;
        }

        /*使用IO，申请为输出*/
        ret = gpio_direction_output(gpioled.led_gpio, 1); /*设置为输出，高电平不点亮*/
        if(ret < 0){
            goto failed_setoutput;
        }

        /*输出低电平,点亮gpio*/
        gpio_set_value(gpioled.led_gpio, 0);


        return 0;

failed_setoutput:
        gpio_free(gpioled.led_gpio);
failed_findnode:
failed_device:
        class_destroy(gpioled.class);
failed_class:
        cdev_del(&gpioled.cdev);
failed_cdev:
        unregister_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_COUNT);
failed_devid:
        return ret;
}

/*驱动出口函数*/
static void __exit led_exit(void){

    /*关灯*/
    /*输出高电平,关闭gpio*/
    gpio_set_value(gpioled.led_gpio, 1);
    /*注销字符设备驱动*/
    cdev_del(&gpioled.cdev);
    unregister_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_COUNT);

    device_destroy(gpioled.class, gpioled.devid);
    class_destroy(gpioled.class);

    /*释放IO*/
    gpio_free(gpioled.led_gpio);
}



/*模块入口和出口*/
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("ZYC");

完整应用代码： 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
*argc:应用程序参数个数
*argv[]文件参数名，字符串形式
*./chardevbaseApp <filename>    <0:1> 0表示关灯，1表示开灯
*./chardevbaseApp /dev/led 0 关灯
*./chardevbaseApp /dev/led 1 开灯
*/
#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1

int main(int argc, int *argv[])
{
    int fd, retval;
    int cnt = 0;
    char *filename;
    unsigned char databuf[1];

    if(argc != 3){
        printf("Error use\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    /*保存设备文件名*/
    filename = argv[1];
    fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
    if(fd < 0){
        printf("open file failed \r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    /*将字符转化为数字*/
    databuf[0] = atoi(argv[2]);

    retval = write(fd, databuf, sizeof(databuf));
    if(retval < 0){
        printf("led write failed\r\n");
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }

    /* 模拟占用 25S LED */
    while(1) {
        printf("App running times:%d\r\n", cnt);
        sleep(5);
        cnt++;
    if(cnt >= 5) break;
    }

    printf("App running finished!");

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

实验测试： 

        加载驱动：

         模拟测试：

     

        注意两个命令都是运行在后台，第一条命令先获取到信号量，因此可以操作 LED 灯，将
LED 灯打开，并且占有 25S。第二条命令因为获取信号量失败而进入休眠状态，等待第一条命
令运行完毕并释放信号量以后才拥有 LED 灯使用权，将 LED 灯关闭。