#进阶7 子查询
/*
含义:
出现在其他语句中的select语句,称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句,称为主查询或外查询
分类:
按子查询出现的位置:
select后面
仅仅支持标量子查询
from后面
支持表子查询
where或havng后面☆
标量子查询
列子查询
行子查询
exists后面(相关子查询)
表子查询
按结果集的行列数不同:
标量子查询(结果集只有一行一列)
列子查询(结果集只有一列多行)
行子查询(结果集只有一行多列)
表子查询(结果集只有多行多列)
*/
#一、where或having后面
/*
标量子查询(单行子查询)
列子查询(多行子查询)
行子查询(多行多列)
特点:
1.子查询放在小括号内
2.子查询一般放在条件的右侧
3.标量子查询,一般搭配着单行操作符使用
> < >= <= = <>
列子查询,一般搭配着多行操作符使用
IN、any/some 、all
*/
#1.标量查询
#案例1:谁的工资比Abel高?
#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name ='Abel'
#②查询员工的信息,满足salary>①的结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name ='Abel'
);
#案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同,salary 比143号员工多的员工 姓名,job_id和工资
#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=141
#②查询143员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=143
#③
SELECT job_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=(
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=141)
AND salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=143
);
#案例3:返回工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
SELECT salary,last_name,job_id
FROM employees
WHERE salary<=>(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
#案例4:查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
having MIN(salary)>
(SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50);
#2.列子查询(多行子查询)
#案例1:返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
1.
SELECT distinct department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
2.
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
SELECT distinct department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
);
#案例2:返回其他部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<any(
SELECT distinct salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id<=>'IT_PROG')
AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#案例3:返回其他部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<all(
SELECT distinct salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id<=>'IT_PROG')
AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#3.行子查询(结果集一行多了或多行多列)
#案列:查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id),max(salary)
FROM employees
);
#二、select后面
#案例:查询每个部门的员工个数
MySQL#进阶7 子查询
最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 17:19:22 发布