# 进阶7:子查询
/*
含义:
出现在其他语句中的select语句,称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句,称为主查询或外查询
示例:
select frist_name from employees where
department_id in(
select department_id from departments
where location+id=17000
)
分类
按子查询出现的位置:
select 后面(只能放标量子查询)
from 后面(只支持表子查询)
where或having 后面(标量子查询、列子查询、行子查询)
exists 后面(又叫相关子查询)(表子查询)
按结果集的行列数不同:
标量子查询(结果类只有一列或一行)
列子查询(结果集只有一列多行)
行子查询(结果集可以有一行多列)
表子查询(结果集,一般为多行多列)
*/
# 一、where或having后面
# 1.标量子查询(单行子查询)
# 2.列子查询(多行子查询)
# 3.行子查询(多行多列)
/*
特点:
①子查询放在小括号内
②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
③标量子查询,一般搭配着单行操作符使用
> < >= <= = <>
列子查询,一般搭配着多行操作符使用
IN、ANY/SOME、ALL
④子查询的执行优先于主查询的执行,主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
*/
# 1.标量子查询
# 案例1: 睡得工资比Abel高?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>
(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name='Abel'
);
# 案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同的,salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名,job_id和工资
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=
(
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=141
)
AND salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=143
);
# 案例3:返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id\salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 案例4:查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
SELECT employee_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50
)
# 2.列子查询
/*
返回多行
使用多行比较操作符
操作符 含义
IN/NOT IN 等于列表中的任意一个
ANY/SOME 和子查询返回的某一个值比较
ALL 和子查询返回的所有值比较
*/
# 案例1: 返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
# 案例2: 返回其他工种中比job_id为'IT_PROG'工种任一员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
) AND job_id <>'IT_PROG';
# 或者
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
SELECT DISTINCT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
) AND job_id <>'IT_PROG';
# 案例3: 返回其他工种中比job_id为'IT_PROG'工种所有员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
) AND job_id <>'IT_PROG';
# 或者
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
SELECT DISTINCT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
) AND job_id <>'IT_PROG';
# 3.行子查询(结果集一行多列或多行多列)
# 案例:查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息
# 以前的方法
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees
) AND salary=(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 行子查询(两个或多个条件的规则相同)
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
# 二、select后面
# 案例:查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT d.*,(
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees AS e
WHERE e.department_id=d.`department_id`
)
FROM departments AS d;
# 案例2: 查询员工号=102的部门名
SELECT (
SELECT department_name
FROM departments AS d
INNER JOIN employees AS e
ON d.department_id=e.department_id
WHERE e.employee_id=102
) AS 部门;
# 三、from后面
/*
将子查询结果做成一张表,要求该表必须要取别名
*/
# 案例:查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
SELECT ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM(
SELECT AVG(salary) AS ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) AS ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades AS g
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;
# 四、exists后面(相关子查询)
/*
语法:
exists(完整的查询语句)
结果:
1或0
*/
# 案例1:查询有员工的部门名
SELECT department_name
FROM departments AS d
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM employees AS e
WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`
);
# 案例2:查询没有女朋友的男生信息
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys AS bo
WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty
)
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys AS bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty AS b
WHERE bo.id=b.boyfriend_id
)
MySQL进阶7:子查询
最新推荐文章于 2023-06-22 08:49:32 发布