使用HttpClient

一、HttpClient之用CloseableHttpClient发送Post请求

1、使用HttpClient发送请求的一般步骤

1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法实例，并指定请求的URL，如果需要发送GET请求，需要创建HttpGet对象；如果是POST，创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet中的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接。

二、代码实现

1、导入依赖

<!--导入json-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.49</version>
</dependency>
<!--导入httpclient-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.6</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

2、yml配置文件

# 远程路径
busData:
  platformUrl: http://localhost:9092

3、HttpClientUtils类

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Author: yeyanbin
 * @Date: 2020/12/28
 * HTTP请求工具类
 */
@Slf4j
public class HttpClientUtils {
    /**
     * 发送Json格式的POST请求
     * @param url
     * @param jsonParam
     * @return
     */
    public static String sendJsonPost(String url, String jsonParam) {
        log.info("请求url：" + url + "请求参数：" + jsonParam);
        //创建CloseableHttpResponse
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        //创建CloseableHttpClient
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        //建立httpPost的对象，一般用目标url来构造，httpPost一般配置addHeader、setEntity、setConfig
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            httpClient = HttpClients.custom().disableAutomaticRetries().build();
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            //设置默认超时时间和链接超时时间
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig());
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam, "utf-8");
            //设置字符编码
            entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            //设置数据类型
            entity.setContentType("application/json");
            //设置请求实体
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            //执行Request请求,CloseableHttpClient的execute方法返回的response都是CloseableHttpResponse类型
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            //获取状态码
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                //终止请求
                httpPost.abort();
                log.info("HttpClient错误状态代码" + statusCode);
                return null;
            }
            //获取返回实体
            HttpEntity resultEntity = response.getEntity();
            String result = null;
            if (resultEntity != null){
                result = EntityUtils.toString(resultEntity,"utf-8");
            }
            //关闭HttpEntity流
            EntityUtils.consume(resultEntity);
            //返回结果
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("HttpClient远程调用失败" + e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            //释放底层HTTP连接以允许它被重用
            if (httpPost != null) {
                httpPost.releaseConnection();
            }
            if (httpClient != null) {
                try {
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 发送GET请求
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, Map<String,Object> params) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        try {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            if(params != null && params.size() > 0) {
                for(String key : params.keySet()) {
                    sb.append(key + "=" + params.get(key) + "&");
                }
            }
            if(!url.endsWith("?")) {
                url += "?";
            }
            url+=sb.toString();
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("HttpClient远程调用失败" + e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        finally {
            if (httpClient != null) {
                try {
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.error(e.getLocalizedMessage());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送utf8格式数据的GET请求
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static String sendGetUtf8(String url, Map<String,String> params) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        //若url不是以?结尾，则拼接
        if(!url.endsWith("?")) {
            url += "?";
        }
        try {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            if(params != null && params.size() > 0) {
                for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                    if (entry.getValue() == null || entry.getValue().length() == 0) {
                        sb.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(entry.getValue()).append("&");
                    } else {
                        //参数内容使用utf-8编码
                        sb.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "utf-8")).append("&");
                    }
                }
            }
            //拼接url
            url += sb.toString();
            log.info("url：{}",url);
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("HttpClient远程调用失败" + e.getMessage());
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        finally {
            if (httpClient != null) {
                try {
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.error(e.getLocalizedMessage());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送form-data格式POST请求
     * @param urlStr
     * @param textMap
     * @return
     */
    public static String sendFromDataPost(String urlStr, Map<String, String> textMap) {
        String result = "";
        HttpURLConnection conn = null;
        // boundary就是request头和上传文件内容的分隔符
        String BOUNDARY = "-";
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlStr);
            conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            conn.setReadTimeout(30000);
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
            OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            Iterator iter = textMap.entrySet().iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
                String keyName = (String) entry.getKey();
                String keyValue = (String) entry.getValue();
                if (keyValue == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                sb.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");
                sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + keyName + "\"\r\n\r\n");
                sb.append(keyValue);
            }
            out.write(sb.toString().getBytes());
            byte[] endData = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes();
            out.write(endData);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            // 读取返回数据
            StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                strBuf.append(line);
            }
            result = strBuf.toString();
            reader.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("HttpClient远程调用失败：{}",e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (conn != null) {
                conn.disconnect();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 设置默认的超时时间和链接超时间(这里的时间设置为10秒)
     * @return
     */
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig(){
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(10000)
                .setSocketTimeout(10000)
                .build();
        return config;
    }
}

4、JsonDataDtoFacade接口

public interface JsonDataDtoFacade {
    /**
     * 测试httpclient
     */
    public String postJson();
}

5、Impl类

@Service
public class JsonDataDtoFacadeImpl implements JsonDataDtoFacade {
    @Autowired
    private JsonDataDtoServiceImpl jsonDataDtoService;

    /**
     * 读取配置中的url
     */
    @Value("${busData.platformUrl}")
    private String busDataUrl;

    @Override
    public String postJson() {
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("cityCode","432000");
        map.put("lineId","432000-A3HX-1");
        String url = busDataUrl + "/bus/detailData";
        String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map);
        String resultStr = HttpClientUtils.postJsonStr(url, jsonStr);
        return resultStr;
    }
}

6、Controller类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("h5")
public class JsonDataDtoController {
    @Autowired
    private JsonDataDtoFacade jsonDataDtoFacade;

    @PostMapping("line1")
    public Object postJson(){
        return jsonDataDtoFacade.postJson();
    }
}

7、启动测试

http://localhost:8080/h5/line1