Message：消息，消息是不具名的，它是由消息头和消息体组成。消息体是不透明的，而消息头则由一系列的可选属性组成，这些属性包括路由键（Routing Key）、优先权（Priority）、指出该消息可能需要持久性存储（delivery-mode）等。Publisher： 消息生产者，也是一个向交换机发布消息的客户端应用程序。Exchange： 消息到达Broker的第一站，根据分发规则，匹配查询表中的路由键（Routing Key），分发消息到Queue中。常用的类型有：direct（point-to-point）、topic（publish-subscribe）、fanout（multicast）、headers。 Queue：消息队列，用来保存消息直到发送给消费者。它是消息的容器，也是消息的终点。一个消息可投入一个或多个队列。消息一直在队列里面，等待消费者连接到这个队列将其取走。Consumer：消息消费者，表示一个从消息队列中取得消息的客户端应用程序，同一个应用程序既可以是生产者又是可以是消费者。Connection：Publisher／Consumer和Broker之间的TCP连接。Channel：信道，如果每一次访问RabbitMQ都建立一个Connection，在消息量大的时候建立TCP Connection的开销将是巨大的，效率也较低。Channel是在Connection内部建立的逻辑连接，如果应用程序支持多线程，通常每个thread创建单独的Channel进行通讯，AMQP method包含了Channel Id帮助客户端和Message Broker识别Channel，所以Channel之间是完全隔离的。Channel作为轻量级的Connection极大减少了操作系统建立TCP Connection的开销。Virtual Host：虚拟主机，表示一批交换器、消息队列和相关对象。虚拟主机是共享相同的身份认证和加密环境的独立服务器域。每个VHost本质上就是一个mini版的RabbitMQ服务器，拥有自己的队列、交换器、绑定和权限机制。VHost是AMQP概念的基础，必须在连接时指定， RabbitMQ默认的VHost是/Broker： 接收和分发消息的应用，RabbitMQ Server就是 Message BrokerBinding：绑定，用于消息队列和交换器之间的关联。一个绑定就是基于路由键将交换器和消息队列连接起来的路由规则，所以可以将交换器理解成一个由绑定构成的路由表。 Exchange和Queue的绑定可以是多对多的关系。
yum remove erlang*
yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel httpd python-simplejson
tar -zxvf otp_src_20.1.tar.gz
cd otp_src_20.1
./configure --prefix= /usr/local/RabbitMQ/erlang --enable-smp-support --enable-threads --enable-sctp --enable-kernel-poll --enable-hipe --with-ssl --without-javac
make && make install
vim /etc/profile
export PATH = $PATH :/usr/local/RbbitMQ/erlang/bin
source /etc/profile
erl
halt( ) .
注意：如果执行第3步提示如下错误的解决方案
yum install ncurses-devel
xz -d rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.0.tar.xz
tar -xvf rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.0.tar
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/RabbitMQ/rabbitmq_server-3.7.0/sbin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
rabbitmq-server -detached
rabbitmqctl stop
rabbitmqctl status
ps aux| grep rabbit
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
15672）5672）
./rabbitmqctl add_user 用户名 密码
./rabbitmqctl set_user_tags 用户名 用户级别
./rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "VHost_Name" 用户名 ".*" ".*" ".*"
./rabbitmqctl change_password 用户名 新密码
./rabbitmqctl delete_user 用户名
./rabbitmqctl set_vhost_limits -p 虚拟主机名 '{"max-connections": 数量}'
guest，guest具有最高权限，只能在本机登录，所以先用命令模式创建用户并登录。
生产者生产的消息从不会直接发送到队列。实际上，通常生产者甚至都不知道这些消息传递传递到了哪些队列中。 相反，生产者只能将消息发送到交换机（exchange），交换机工作的内容非常简单，一方面它接收来自生产者的消息，另一方面将消息路由到一个或多个队列中。交换机必须确切知道如何处理收到的消息。是应该把这些消息放到特定队列，还是说把他们到许多队列中，还是说应该丢弃它们。这就的由交换机的类型来决定。RoutingKey需要与交换器类型和绑定键（BindingKey）联合使用才能生效。在交换器类型和绑定键固定的情况下，生产者可以在发送消息给交换器时，通过指定路由键来决定消息流向哪里。
生产者将消息发送给交换器时，会指定一个RoutingKey，当BindingKey与RoutingKey相匹配时，消息会路由到对应的队列中。在绑定多个队列到同一个交换器的时候，这些绑定允许使用相同的BindingKey。BindingKey并不是在所有的情况下都生效，它依赖于交换器类型，比如fanout类型的交换器就会无视BindingKey，而是将消息路由到所有绑定到该交换器的队列中。
1、RabbitMQ常用的交换器类型有direct（直接）、fanout（扇出）、topic（主题）、headers（标题）这四种
fanout exchange：它会把所有发送到该交换器的消息路由到所有与该交换机绑定的队列中。它不处理路由键， 只是简单的将队列绑定到交换器上。类似广播一样（发布订阅模式），它是转发消息是最快的。direct exchange：消息中的路由键（RoutingKey）如果和Binding中的BindingKey完全匹配， 交换器就将消息发到对应的队列中。
topic exchange：与direct类型的交换器相似，也是将消息路由到BindingKey与RoutingKey相匹配的队列中，但是它是通过模式匹配分配消息的路由键属性，将路由键和某个模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定到一个模式上。
5、headers exchange：不依赖于路由键的匹配规则来路由消息，而是根据发送的消息内容中的Headers属性进行匹配。在绑定队列和交换器时制定一组键值对，当消息发送到交换器时，RabbitMQ会获取到该消息的Headers（也是一个键值对的形式），对比其中的键值对是否完全匹配队列和交换器绑定时指定的键值对，如果完全匹配则消息会路由到该队列，否则不会路由到该队列。headers类型的交换器性能会很差，而且也不实用，基本上不会看到它的存在。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
< projectxmlns = " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns: xsi= " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi: schemaLocation= " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion> </ modelVersion> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < packaging> </ packaging> < properties> < java.version> </ java.version> < project.build.sourceEncoding> </ project.build.sourceEncoding> < spring.boot.version> </ spring.boot.version> < maven-resources-plugin.version> </ maven-resources-plugin.version> < maven-compiler-plugin.version> </ maven-compiler-plugin.version> < maven-surefire-plugin.version> </ maven-surefire-plugin.version> </ properties> < dependencyManagement> < dependencies> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < type> </ type> < scope> </ scope> </ dependency> </ dependencies> </ dependencyManagement> < build> < plugins> < plugin> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < configuration> < compilerVersion> </ compilerVersion> < encoding> </ encoding> </ configuration> </ plugin> < plugin> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < configuration> < skipTests> </ skipTests> </ configuration> </ plugin> </ plugins> < resources> < resource> < directory> </ directory> </ resource> < resource> < directory> </ directory> </ resource> < resource> < directory> </ directory> < includes> < include> </ include> </ includes> </ resource> </ resources> </ build> </ project>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
< projectxmlns = " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns: xsi= " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi: schemaLocation= " http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion> </ modelVersion> < parent> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> </ parent> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < name> </ name> < description> </ description> < dependencies> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < scope> </ scope> < exclusions> < exclusion> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> </ exclusion> </ exclusions> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> </ dependency> < dependency> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> </ dependency> </ dependencies> < build> < plugins> < plugin> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < configuration> < encoding> </ encoding> </ configuration> </ plugin> < plugin> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < configuration> < source> </ source> < target> </ target> < encoding> </ encoding> </ configuration> </ plugin> < plugin> < groupId> </ groupId> < artifactId> </ artifactId> < version> </ version> < configuration> < finalName> </ finalName> < mainClass> </ mainClass> < fork> </ fork> </ configuration> </ plugin> </ plugins> </ build> </ project>
import com. rabbitmq. client. Connection ;
import com. rabbitmq. client. ConnectionFactory ;
import java. io. IOException ;
import java. util. concurrent. TimeoutException ;
public class RabbitMQUtils {
public static Connection getConnection ( ) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory ( ) ;
factory. setHost ( "101.26.156.147" ) ;
factory. setPort ( 5672 ) ;
factory. setVirtualHost ( "test_host" ) ;
factory. setUsername ( "test" ) ;
factory. setPassword ( "123456" ) ;
Connection connection = factory. newConnection ( ) ;
return connection;
}
}
public class ProducerTest1 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
String msg = "Hello World" ;
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
channel. queueDeclare ( "queue1" , false , false , false , null ) ;
channel. basicPublish ( "" , "queue1" , null , msg. getBytes ( ) ) ;
System . out. println ( "发送消息：" + msg) ;
channel. close ( ) ;
connection. close ( ) ;
}
}
public class ConsumerTest1 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer ( channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery ( String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP. BasicProperties properties, byte [ ] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String ( body) ;
System . out. println ( "消费消息：" + msg) ;
}
} ;
channel. basicConsume ( "queue1" , true , consumer) ;
}
}
RabbitMQ采用轮询的方式将消息平均分发给消费者但多个消费者中最终只有一个消费者能成功消费消息（消费者之间是竞争关系，一个消息只能被处理一次，轮询分发）。
public class ProducerTest2 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
System . out. println ( "请输入消息：" ) ;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in) ;
String msg = null ;
while ( ! "exit" . equals ( msg = scanner. nextLine ( ) ) ) {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
channel. basicPublish ( "" , "queue1" , null , msg. getBytes ( ) ) ;
System . out. println ( "发送消息：" + msg) ;
channel. close ( ) ;
connection. close ( ) ;
}
}
}
public class ConsumerTest2 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer ( channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery ( String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP. BasicProperties properties, byte [ ] body) throws IOException {
String msg = new String ( body) ;
System . out. println ( "消费消息：" + msg) ;
}
} ;
System . out. println ( "消费者1启动等待消费......" ) ;
channel. basicConsume ( "queue1" , true , consumer) ;
}
}
Allow multiple instances允许多个实例执行，再启动生产者发送10个消息，通过结果可以看到两个消费者都有5条消息，并且是按照有序的一个接收一次消息。
exchange ，消费者将自己对应的队列注册到交换机，当发送消息后所有注册的队列的消费者都可以收到消息。
public class ProducerTest3 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
System . out. println ( "请输入消息：" ) ;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in) ;
String msg = null ;
while ( ! "exit" . equals ( msg = scanner. nextLine ( ) ) ) {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
channel. basicPublish ( "test_exchange" , "" , null , msg. getBytes ( ) ) ;
System . out. println ( "发送消息：" + msg) ;
channel. close ( ) ;
connection. close ( ) ;
}
}
}
Allow multiple instances，启动两次
key ，每个消息队列有一个消费者监听。
消息中的路由键（routing key）如果和Binding中的binding key一致，交换器才将消息发到对应的队列中）并绑定两个新的队列，并分别设置路由键a，b
public class ProducerTest4 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
System . out. println ( "请输入消息：" ) ;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner ( System . in) ;
String msg = null ;
while ( ! "exit" . equals ( msg = scanner. nextLine ( ) ) ) {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
if ( msg. contains ( "a" ) ) {
channel. basicPublish ( "direct_exchange" , "a" , null , msg. getBytes ( ) ) ;
} else if ( msg. contains ( "b" ) ) {
channel. basicPublish ( "direct_exchange" , "b" , null , msg. getBytes ( ) ) ;
}
System . out. println ( "发送消息：" + msg) ;
channel. close ( ) ;
connection. close ( ) ;
}
}
}
Allow multiple instances，启动两次
public class TopicProducer {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
Map < String , String > = new HashMap < > ( ) ;
bindingKeyMap. put ( "com.itan.client" , "消息发送到topic_queue1与topic_queue2" ) ;
bindingKeyMap. put ( "com.java.client" , "消息发送到topic_queue2" ) ;
bindingKeyMap. put ( "com.demo" , "消息发送到topic_queue2" ) ;
bindingKeyMap. put ( "java.itan.demo" , "消息发送到topic_queue1" ) ;
bindingKeyMap. put ( "java.util.demo" , "没有接收队列" ) ;
for ( Map. Entry < String , String > : bindingKeyMap. entrySet ( ) ) {
channel. basicPublish ( "topic_exchange" , entry. getKey ( ) , null , entry. getValue ( ) . getBytes ( ) ) ;
System . out. println ( "路由键为：" + entry. getKey ( ) + " 消息内容：" + entry. getValue ( ) ) ;
}
channel. close ( ) ;
connection. close ( ) ;
}
}
public class TopicConsumer1 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException , InterruptedException {
System . out. println ( "消费者1等待消费......" ) ;
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = ( consumerTag, message) -> {
byte [ ] body = message. getBody ( ) ;
String msg = new String ( body) ;
System . out. println ( "绑定键为：" + message. getEnvelope ( ) . getRoutingKey ( ) + " 消息内容为：" + msg) ;
} ;
CancelCallback cancelCallback = consumerTag -> {
System . out. println ( "消息消费被取消：" + consumerTag) ;
} ;
channel. basicConsume ( "topic_queue1" , true , deliverCallback, cancelCallback) ;
}
}
public class TopicConsumer2 {
public static void main ( String [ ] args) throws IOException , TimeoutException , InterruptedException {
System . out. println ( "消费者2等待消费......" ) ;
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils . getConnection ( ) ;
Channel channel = connection. createChannel ( ) ;
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = ( consumerTag, message) -> {
byte [ ] body = message. getBody ( ) ;
String msg = new String ( body) ;
System . out. println ( "绑定键为：" + message. getEnvelope ( ) . getRoutingKey ( ) + " 消息内容为：" + msg) ;
} ;
CancelCallback cancelCallback = consumerTag -> {
System . out. println ( "消息消费被取消：" + consumerTag) ;
} ;
channel. basicConsume ( "topic_queue2" , true , deliverCallback, cancelCallback) ;
}
}
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