Netty(一)——netty与I/O、NIO对比



一：I/O方式

1.绑定服务器到指定的端口。
2.接受一个连接。
3.创建一个新的线程来处理连接。
4.将消息发送到连接的客户端。
5.一旦消息被写入和刷新时就 关闭连接。
6.启动线程

以下是I/O的实现代码

public class PlainOioServer {
 public void serve(int port) throws IOException {
        final ServerSocket socket = new ServerSocket(port);     //1
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Socket clientSocket = socket.accept();    //2
                System.out.println("Accepted connection from " + clientSocket);

                new Thread(new Runnable() {                        //3
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        OutputStream out;
                        try {
                            out = clientSocket.getOutputStream();
                            out.write("Hi!\r\n".getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));                            //4
                            out.flush();
                            clientSocket.close();                //5

                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                            try {
                                clientSocket.close();
                            } catch (IOException ex) {
                                // ignore on close
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }).start();                                        //6
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
       
    }
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  new PlainOioServer().serve(8080);
 }
}

二、NIO方式

1.绑定服务器到制定端口
2.打开 selector 处理 channel
3.注册 ServerSocket 到 ServerSocket ，并指定这是专门意接受 连接。
4.等待新的事件来处理。这将阻塞，直到一个事件是传入。
5.从收到的所有事件中 获取 SelectionKey 实例。
6.检查该事件是一个新的连接准备好接受。
7.接受客户端，并用 selector 进行注册。
8.检查 socket 是否准备好写数据。
9.将数据写入到所连接的客户端。如果网络饱和，连接是可写的，那么这个循环将写入数据，直到该缓冲区是空的。
10.关闭连接。

public class PlainNioServer {
 public void serve(int port) throws IOException {
        ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        ServerSocket ss = serverChannel.socket();
        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(port);
        ss.bind(address);                                            //1
        Selector selector = Selector.open();                        //2
        serverChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);    //3
        final ByteBuffer msg = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hi!\r\n".getBytes());
        for (;;) {
            try {
                selector.select();                                    //4
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
                // handle exception
                break;
            }
            Set<SelectionKey> readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();    //5
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = readyKeys.iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
                iterator.remove();
                try {
                    if (key.isAcceptable()) {                //6
                        ServerSocketChannel server =
                                (ServerSocketChannel)key.channel();
                        SocketChannel client = server.accept();
                        client.configureBlocking(false);
                        client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE |
                                SelectionKey.OP_READ, msg.duplicate());    //7
                        System.out.println(
                                "Accepted connection from " + client);
                    }
                    if (key.isWritable()) {                //8
                        SocketChannel client =
                                (SocketChannel)key.channel();
                        ByteBuffer buffer =
                                (ByteBuffer)key.attachment();
                        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                            if (client.write(buffer) == 0) {        //9
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        client.close();                    //10
                    }
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    key.cancel();
                    try {
                        key.channel().close();
                    } catch (IOException cex) {
                        // 在关闭时忽略
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  new PlainNioServer().serve(8080);
 }
}

三、Netty方式

1.创建一个 ServerBootstrap
2.使用 OioEventLoopGroup 允许阻塞模式
3.指定 ChannelInitializer 将给每个接受的连接调用
4.添加的 ChannelHandler 拦截事件，并允许他们作出反应
5.写信息到客户端，并添加 ChannelFutureListener 当一旦消息写入就关闭连接
6.绑定服务器来接受连接
7.释放所有资源

public class NettyOioServer {
 public void server(int port) throws Exception {
        final ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.unreleasableBuffer(
                Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Hi!\r\n", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
        EventLoopGroup group = new OioEventLoopGroup();  //切换成NioEventLoopGroup
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();        //1

            b.group(group)                                    //2
             .channel(OioServerSocketChannel.class)    //切换成NioServerSocketChannel.class
             .localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
             .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {//3
                 @Override
                 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
                     throws Exception {
                     ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {            //4
                         @Override
                         public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
                             ctx.writeAndFlush(buf.duplicate()).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);//5
                         }
                     });
                 }
             });
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind().sync();  //6
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully().sync();        //7
        }
    }
}