GUI编程07

Kuma同学

已于 2022-04-07 18:58:10 修改

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java

于 2022-03-19 20:37:52 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42220598/article/details/123500500

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GUI编程

组件

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件
破解工具

1.简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing AWT
1.因为界面不美观
2.需要jre环境
为什么我们要学习？
1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些工具
2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率极小
3.了解MVC架构，了解监听

2.AWT

2.1Awt介绍

包含了很多类和接口！GUI！
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
java.awt

2.2组件和容器

2.3布局管理器

Frame
面板Panel
布局管理器
1.流式 FlowLayout
2.东西南北中 BorderLayout
3.表格 GridLayout
大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300, 400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.black);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));

        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上面
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间的四个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("p4-btn-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
        
        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

在这里插入图片描述

2.4事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        //因为，addActionListener（）需要一个ActionListeer,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyAcitonListener myAcitonListener = new MyAcitonListener();
        button.addActionListener(myAcitonListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();

        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyAcitonListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始 停止
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand（）获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击：msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
        if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){

        }
    }
}

2.5输入框TextField监听

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListioner2 myActionListioner2 = new MyActionListioner2();
        //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListioner2);

        //设置替换密码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyActionListioner2 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field=(TextField) e.getSource();   //获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");//null ""
    }
}

2.6简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾复习

面向对象写法

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculationListener(this));

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculationListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类：
    Calculator calculator=null;
    public MyCalculationListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        //2.将这个值+法运算后，放到第三个框
        //3.清除前两个框
        int n1=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全内部类
更好的包装，
最大的好处就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法！

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculationListener());

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    private class MyCalculationListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数和被加数
            //2.将这个值+法运算后，放到第三个框
            //3.清除前两个框
            int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.7画笔

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将他还原到最初的颜色
        repaint();

    }
}

2.8鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标画画

public class TestMouseLinstener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
//自己的类
class  MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合类存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存放鼠标点击的点
        points=new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标事件
        Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point=(Point)iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPoint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class  MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标按下，弹起，按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
            MyFrame myFrame=(MyFrame)e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点；
            myFrame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一边
            myFrame.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

2.9窗口监听

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //关闭窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    //激活窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        WindowFrame source=(WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                        source.setTitle("被激活了");
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}

2.10键盘监听

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFarme();
    }
}
//键
class KeyFarme extends Frame{
    public KeyFarme(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的键是哪一个，当前的码
                int keyCode=e.getKeyCode();
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
                //根据按下不同操作，产生不同结果
            }
        });
    }
}

3.Swing

3.1窗口、面板

public class JFrameDemo {
    //顶级窗口
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        jf.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
        //设置文字Jlabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到Java");
        jf.add(label);
        //让文本标签居中，设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

标签居中

public class JframeDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJframe2().init();
    }
}
class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(500,300,200,300);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //设置文字Jlabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到Java",SwingConstants.CENTER);
        this.add(label);
        //获得一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.blue);
    }
}

3.2弹窗

JDialog,用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件！

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button=new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);

        container.add(new JLabel("一起学Java")).setBounds(200,100,200,200);
    }
}

3.3标签

label

new Jlabel("xxx");

图标ICON

public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int hight;

    public IconDemo() {}//无参构造

    public IconDemo(int width, int hight) throws HeadlessException {
        this.width = width;
        this.hight = hight;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,hight);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.hight;
    }
}

图片ICON

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要冲突
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(200,0,1000,1000);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4面板

JPanel

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数的意思：间距！

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5按钮

图片按钮

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选按钮

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JButtonDemo01");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JButtonDemo02");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JButtonDemo03");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);

        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }

复选按钮

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //多选择框
        JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");

        container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6列表

下拉框

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

列表框

public TestComboboxDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表得内容
        //String[] contents={"1","2","3"};

        Vector contents = new Vector();
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        contents.add("zhangsan");
        contents.add("lisi");
        contents.add("wangwu");
        container.add(jList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }

应用场景
选择地区，或者一些单个选项
列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容

3.7文本框

文本框

public TestTestDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(jTextField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jTextField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTestDemo01();
    }

密码框

public TestTestDemo03(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //画板
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTestDemo03();
    }

文本域

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

贪吃蛇

Kuma同学

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