字符设备驱动之异步通知

注：代码有完整的注释，方便阅读

开发环境： ubuntu18.04
平台： JZ2440
kernel: Linux-3.4.2
交叉编译工具： arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3

驱动程序如下：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_device.h>
#include <linux/of_platform.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>	
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


#define DEVICE_NAME		"fifth_drv"  //设备的名称需要和文件系统中设备节点名称区分开

/* 1.1、确定主设备号，如果没有确定则由内核自动分配 */
static int major;

static struct cdev fifth_cdev;

static dev_t devid;
static struct class * fifthdrv_class;

/* 定义按键GPIO寄存器指针 */
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon = NULL;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat = NULL;

/* 按键描述结构体 */
static struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};

/* 键值 按下时；0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 */
/* 键值 松开后；0x81 0x82 0x83 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

static struct pin_desc key_pin_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF(0),  0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF(2),  0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG(3),  0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG(11), 0x04},
};

/* 等待序列 */
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 唤醒进程标志，在中断函数中将它置1，在read将它置0， */
static volatile int evpress = 0;

/* 定义fasync_struct结构体 */
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;



/* 中断处理函数 */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void* dev_id)
{
    /* 先获得资源描述 */
    struct pin_desc* pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    
    unsigned int pinval = 0;

    /* 根据得到的资源描述结构体，获得引脚电平 */
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
    if(pinval)
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    else
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;

    /* 唤醒进程 */
    evpress = 1;
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);

    /* 在设备资源可获得时，调用 kill_fasync()函数发相应的信号 */
    kill_fasync(&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
      
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
   /* 申请中断 配置GPF0,2 GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S2", &key_pin_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S3", &key_pin_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S4", &key_pin_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, (IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING), "S5", &key_pin_desc[3]);
    return 0;
}

static ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{

    if(size != 1)
    	return -EINVAL;
    /* 在读函数中，如果按键没有操作，就在此处休眠，当evpress=1时，说明发生按键中断，则继续向下执行 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, evpress);
    /* evpress在中断函数中置1，在此处置0 */
    evpress = 0;
    
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, sizeof(key_val));
  
    return sizeof(key_val);
}

static int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  &key_pin_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  &key_pin_desc[1]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &key_pin_desc[2]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &key_pin_desc[3]);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned int fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait);
    if(evpress)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
    return mask;
}


static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
    /* 发给谁肯定是这个fasync_struct结构中定义的。这个结构“button_async”要做些初始化 */
    return fasync_helper(fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}



/* 1.2、构造file_operations结构体，里面是操作设备的函数 */
static struct file_operations fifth_drv_fops = {
    .owner	=	THIS_MODULE,
    .open	=	fifth_drv_open,
    .read 	=	fifth_drv_read,
    .release  = fifth_drv_close,
    .poll   =   fifth_drv_poll,
    .fasync =   fifth_drv_fasync,
};

/* 2、定义入口函数 */
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
	/* 2.1 分配设备号（动态和静态两种） */
	if(major)
	{
		//如果确定了主设备号，就是用静态分配函数
		devid = MKDEV(major, 0);
		register_chrdev_region(devid, 2, DEVICE_NAME);
	}
	else
	{
		alloc_chrdev_region(&devid, 0, 2, DEVICE_NAME);  //cat /proc/device
		major = MAJOR(devid);	
		devid = MKDEV(major, 0);
	}

	/* 2.2 用fifth_drv_fops结构体初始化设备描述结构体cdev，建立关联 */
	cdev_init(&fifth_cdev,  &fifth_drv_fops);

	/* 2.3 注册字符设备,将字符设备结构体添加到内核 */
	cdev_add(&fifth_cdev, devid, 2);

	/* 3、使用udev机制自动创建的设备节点 */
	/* 3.1 注册一个类，使得mdev在/dev目录下自动创建设备节点，不用再使用mknod命令 */
	fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEVICE_NAME);//创建一个fifth_drv类  /sys/class/DEVICE_NAME

	/* 在文件系统中创建/dev/irqbtn 这个设备文件，应用程序调用 */
	device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "irqbtn");	//dev/irqbtn

	/* 4、硬件操作，内存映射用于操作IO口 */
	gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long*)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
	gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long*)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
	gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
    
	return 0;
}


/* 3、定义出口函数 */
static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
	iounmap(gpfcon);	//取消内存映射
	iounmap(gpgcon);
	device_destroy(fifthdrv_class, MKDEV(major, 0));	//取消自动创建设备节点
	class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);	//释放fifthdrv_class
	cdev_del(&fifth_cdev);	//从内核中卸载字符设备描述结构体
	unregister_chrdev_region(devid, 2);		//取消设备号的申请	
}

/* 4、修饰入口函数和出口函数 */
module_init(fifth_drv_init);
module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

应用程序如下：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int fd = 0;


/* 信号处理函数 */
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val = 0;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  
    unsigned char key_val;
    int Oflags = 0;
    int ret = 1;

    /* 监听信号 */
    signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
    
    fd = open("/dev/irqbtn", O_RDWR);
    if(fd < 0)
    {
        printf("cannot open!!\n");
        return -1;
    }
    /* 应用程序告诉内核，信号发给谁 */
    fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
    /* 通过“F_GETFL”读出“flags”，在 flags 上置上“FASYNC”位 */
    Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags|FASYNC);
   
    
    while(1)
    {
       sleep(1000);
    }
    
    return 0;
}