第12课第6节 字符设备驱动程序之异步通知

一.知识点

0.目标:异步通知:当按键是驱动主动提醒测试程序,用信号signal实现

1.前面学了 查询 中断 POLL 三种字符设备驱动
  查询  消耗太多CPU资源
  中断  如果一直不按按键的话测试程序的read会一直等
  POLL  限时检测,超过时间不按键自动退出

  上面三种都是应用程序主动去read

2.singal.c文件的使用(信号signal()函数的使用)
  在虚拟机上用arm-linux-gcc编译singal.c为singal
  将编译好的文件传至板子
  在板子上输入命令./signal &    在后台执行程序
  输入ps命令可以看到signal进程处于休眠状态(等待信号),PID下面可以看到进程号
  kill -user1 833(这是进程号,具体看上一步),将user1信号传递至singal进程,可以看到有输出
  kill -10 833  同上,kill -9 833是杀死对应进程




  kill -l 可以查看系统所有的信号


  signal(参数1,参数2);//注册信号处理函数(参数2指向的函数),当接收到参数1一样的信号就会调用参数2指向的函数
  参数1:我们要处理的信号
  参数2:信号处理函数,是个函数指针,当接收到信号后就会执行这个函数.




3.signal()函数要点
  ①注册信号处理函数
  ②谁发信号?
  ③发给谁?
  ④怎么发?


  驱动与目标:按下按键时驱动通知应用程序
  ①应用程序注册信号处理函数
  ②谁发?:  驱动发
  ③发给谁?:发给应用程序.应用程序要告诉驱动PID(进程号)
  ④怎么发?:驱动程序调用kill_fasync()函数


4.fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, PID);应用程序利用这个函数告诉驱动自己进程的进程号
  Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
  fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);应用程序调用这个函数时驱动程序的.fasync =fifth_drv_fasync,会被调用,即fifth_drv_fasync()

二.singal.c文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
	static int cnt = 0;
	printf("signal = %d, %d times\n", signum, ++cnt);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{

	signal(SIGUSR1, my_signal_fun);
	
	while (1)
	{
		sleep(1000);
	}
	return 0;
}

三.驱动程序

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *fifthdrv_class;
static struct class_device	*fifthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;


static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，fifth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
	unsigned int pin;
	unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
	{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
	{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
	{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
	{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};


/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
	unsigned int pinval;
	
	pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

	if (pinval)
	{
		/* 松开 */
		key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
	}
	else
	{
		/* 按下 */
		key_val = pindesc->key_val;
	}

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
	

	//kill_fasync()给应用程序发送信号,应用程序就会调用信号处理函数
	kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
	
	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
	/* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);	

	return 0;
}

ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	if (size != 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
	wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

	/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
	copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
	ev_press = 0;
	
	return 1;
}


int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
	return 0;
}

static unsigned fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask = 0;
	poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

	if (ev_press)
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

	return mask;
}

static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
	printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");


	/*
	*fasync_helper()作用:初始化button_async结构体备用
	*/
	return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  fifth_drv_open,     
	.read	 =	fifth_drv_read,	   
	.release =  fifth_drv_close,
	.poll    =  fifth_drv_poll,
	.fasync	 =  fifth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

	fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv");

	fifthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

	gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

	gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
	gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

	return 0;
}

static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "fifth_drv");
	class_device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev);
	class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);
	iounmap(gpfcon);
	iounmap(gpgcon);
	return 0;
}


module_init(fifth_drv_init);

module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

四.测试程序

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


/* fifthdrvtest 
  */
int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
	unsigned char key_val;
	read(fd, &key_val, 1);
	printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	unsigned char key_val;
	int ret;
	int Oflags;

	signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);//注册信号处理函数,不会休眠!当收到SIGIO信号时会调用处理函数
	
	fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0)
	{
		printf("can't open!\n");
	}
    
	/*
	*fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, PID);应用程序利用这个函数告诉驱动自己进程的进程号
	*/
	fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
	
	Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
	
	/*
	*fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);应用程序调用这个函数时驱动程序的   .fasync	 =  fifth_drv_fasync,会被调用,即fifth_drv_fasync()
	*/
	fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);


	while (1)
	{
		sleep(1000);
	}
	
	return 0;
}