全局大喇叭——详解广播机制

广播的两种类型：标准广播，有序广播。

 ①标准广播：几乎所有的广播都会在同一时刻接受到这条广播信息，无先后顺序。

 ②有序广播：同一时刻只会有一个广播接受器能够收到这条广播信息，执行完传递（可截断），优先级越高，可以越先收到信息。

注册广播接收器的方式一般有两种：

①动态注册在代码中注册，可以调用registerReceiver(广播接受器，intentFilter)方法注册。

    而且得调用unregisterRceiver(广播接收器)取消注册。

    动态注册必须要在程序启动之后才能接受到广播。

②静态注册在AndroidManifest.xml中注册，

 举个例子，动态注册监听网络变化：

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver  networkChangeReceiver;

    @Override
    //每次动态注册后必须要取消注册，重写onDestroy，调用unregisterReceiver进行取消注册
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    }
    //声明广播接收器
    class  NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        // 每当网络状态发生变化，onReceive()方法会自动执行
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            //获取网络状态，需要去AndroidManifest.xml声明权限
            ConnectivityManager connectionManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectionManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            //判断网络
            if (networkInfo!=null&&networkInfo.isAvailable()){
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is available",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        //动态注册
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        //网络状态发生变化时，系统发出android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE这条广播
        //这里的addAction括号里面正是你所想要监听的广播
        networkChangeReceiver = new  NetworkChangeReceiver();
        //实例化对象（就是你监听后的行为，即将做的事）
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
        //调用registerReceiver()对广播接收器进行注册



    }
}

注意：访问网络需要权限，在AndroidManifest.xml中声明权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
//声明权限

举个例子，静态注册实现开机启动：

    让程序接受一条开机广播，当收到这条广播时就可以在onReceive()方法里执行相应的逻辑，从而实现开机启动的功能。

    一.右击com.example.broadcasttest包-new-Other-Broadcast Receiver。

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    // TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
    // an Intent broadcast.
    Toast.makeText(context,"Boot Complete",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }   

    二.在AndroidManifest.xml中声明权限和注册并选择监听的广播

//声明权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>

<receiver
    android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/> // 监听开机广播
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

    发送自定义广播

一.发送标准广播

    1.新建一个广播接收器

Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    // TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
    // an Intent broadcast.
    Toast.makeText(context,"received in MyBroadReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
   
}

    2.接收指定的广播

<receiver
    android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>//接受此广播
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

    3.发送广播（这里用按钮来触发）

Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent ("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
        //Intent 里面是要你发出来的广播
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
});

二.发送有序广播

    1.使用sendOrderedBroadcast进行发送

Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent ("com.example.MyBroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST");
        //Intent 里面是要你发出来的广播
        sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);//发送有序广播
    }
});

    2.设置优先级

<receiver
    android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter android:priority="100">
        <action android:name="com.example.MyBroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST"/>//接受此广播
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

    3.终止广播

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    // TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
    // an Intent broadcast.
    Toast.makeText(context,"received in MyBroadReceiver",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    abortBroadcast(); //终止广播
}

本地广播

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
    private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);  // 获取实例
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent ("com.example.MyBroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST");
                //Intent 里面是要你发出来的广播
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent); // 发送本地广播
            }
        });
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.MyBroadcastReceiver.MY_BROADCAST");
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter); //注册本地广播监听器
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
    }
    class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context,"received local broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}