VMware虚拟机磁盘扩展
目录
一、VMware调整硬盘大小方式扩容
1.1 调整硬盘大小
扩展完成之后VMware会给虚拟机原有的磁盘增加空间， 然后进行下面的步骤对磁盘进行分区和挂载
1. 2、进入linux系统（centos7）
1.2.1 查看当前磁盘分区情况
# 先查看增加的磁盘名称（系统分配的名称）, SCSI设备的系统命名： sd前缀， 例如 sda, sdb, sdc, 以此类推。
# 命令： fdisk -l
# 由于使用的硬盘扩展的方式， 所以硬盘只能看到一个 /dev/sda, 一共分为三个区，即：/dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda3, 再看其总大小 53.7GB，而实际挂载的只有41.8G
# 所以需要增加新增的分区，才能查看和扩展的硬盘空间。
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00034479
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 31457279 14679040 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 31457280 83886079 26214400 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 40.3 GB, 40256929792 bytes, 78626816 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes, 3145728 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
1.2.2 在原来的磁盘增加一个新的分区
# 依次输入：
1、 fdisk /dev/sda # 进入磁盘分管理
2、m # 查看命令提示，可以略过此步骤
3、n # 增加分区
4、p # p添加主分区， 然后后续的内容可以全部选择默认，即全部输入enter键即可
5、m # 重点，要保存分区
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
#----------
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e):
#------------
Select (default e): p
Selected partition 4
First sector (83886080-104857599, default 83886080):
#----------
Using default value 83886080
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (83886080-104857599, default 104857599):
#----------
Using default value 104857599
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
#----------
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
1.2.3 再次查看磁盘设备
# 已经新增一个/dev/sda4说明增加新分区成功, 如果找不到则重启一下系统， 或者使用 partprobe 命令
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00034479
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 31457279 14679040 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 31457280 83886079 26214400 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 83886080 104857599 10485760 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 40.3 GB, 40256929792 bytes, 78626816 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes, 3145728 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
1.2.4 格式化分区
# 查看当前文件系统类型 Type类即文件系统类型， linux默认 xfs类型
[root@centos7 ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1918860 0 1918860 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1930668 0 1930668 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1930668 11916 1918752 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1930668 0 1930668 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 39303168 34407244 4895924 88% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 179204 859132 18% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 386136 0 386136 0% /run/user/0
# 格式化 /dev/sda4分区为 xfs类型， -t指定类型
# $ mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb4
# /dev/sda4: No such file or directory 如果报此错误则重启系统
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sda4
meta-data=/dev/sda4 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
1.2.5 使用新增加的分区
要使用新增加的分区，可以通过挂载，或者增加到lvm组中
1.2.5.1 挂载
注意：如果使用挂载的方式使用新分区，则无法给根目录/ 扩容
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /mnt/sda4
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/sda4/
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 38G 33G 4.7G 88% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 176M 839M 18% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sda4 10G 33M 10G 1% /mnt/sda4
#--------------
vim /etc/fstab
# 增加下面一行，实现系统启动自动挂载
/dev/sda4 /mnt/sda4 xfs defaults 0 0
1.2.5.2 对逻辑卷扩容，实现对根目录/ 扩容
# 查看当前的lvm(TYPE一列)
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 14G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 37.5G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1.5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 25G 0 part
│ └─centos-root 253:0 0 37.5G 0 lvm /
└─sda4 8:4 0 10G 0 part /mnt/sda4
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
# -----------
# 如果已经挂载了新分区sda4 则需要先unmout, 否则会报错：Can't open /dev/sda4 exclusively. Mounted filesystem?
# unmout /dev/sda4
# 查看lvm, 可以看到/dev/sda2 /dev/sda3都是挂载在 VG centos这个虚拟卷组中。
# 进入虚拟卷管理
[root@centos7 ~]# lvm
# 创建虚拟卷
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda4
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda4.
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
# 显示当前虚拟卷
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <14.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 3583
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 3583
PV UUID mlJoFV-WiFS-O8vl-Sjjn-SpJ5-hQ3t-XFstcE
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 25.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 6399
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 6399
PV UUID XNVzWZ-EDaG-QooJ-NY7J-ZFdv-s6Eh-R7pAGd
"/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID ca4Clb-GXd5-kfJT-tdok-uncu-5gWz-tUIb2S
# 将/dev/sda4加到 centos 虚拟卷组(VG)中
vgextend centos /dev/sda4
# 查看逻辑卷，可以看到 /dev/centos/root，当前大小37.49 GiB 后面呢要扩展
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID QGn2gl-jaj1-9FIJ-O7e4-b6ZS-KI17-8Zd7cH
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos7, 2019-10-25 16:38:11 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 1.50 GiB
Current LE 384
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID z0XWnm-NI25-rdJL-y9Rf-jdPn-f8gP-syXdrj
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos7, 2019-10-25 16:38:12 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 37.49 GiB
Current LE 9598
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
# 扩展 /dev/centos/root 逻辑卷，新增加的卷大小是10G，扩展9.9总容量稍微小点即可。
lvm> lvextend -L +9.9G /dev/centos/root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 9.90 GiB.
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 37.49 GiB (9598 extents) to 47.39 GiB (12133 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
# 逻辑卷扩容，退出
lvm> quit
Exiting.
# 最后挂载点扩容
[root@centos7 ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=13, agsize=818944 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=9828352, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9828352 to 12424192
# 再次查看文件系统使用情况
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 48G 33G 15G 70% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 176M 839M 18% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
二、通过增加一块硬盘的方式扩容
除了vmware增加硬盘的操作与第一章的方式不一样，其他操作基本相同， 所以此章节直接上代码
2.1 vmware 配置
略过一些步骤
2. 2 进入系统查看磁盘及其分区
# 可以看到 新增的 sdb磁盘
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 14G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 47.4G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1.5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 25G 0 part
│ └─centos-root 253:0 0 47.4G 0 lvm /
└─sda4 8:4 0 10G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 47.4G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
2.3 分区
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9a2edbf5.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759):
Using default value 10485759
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2.4 格式化分区为xfs
# 先查看sdb的分区名称: sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 14G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 47.4G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1.5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 25G 0 part
│ └─centos-root 253:0 0 47.4G 0 lvm /
└─sda4 8:4 0 10G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 47.4G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.5G 0 rom
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327616 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310464, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
2.5 手动挂载
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/dev/sdb1
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 48G 33G 15G 70% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 176M 839M 18% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /mnt/dev/sdb1
2.6 系统启动自动挂载
vim /etc/fstab
# 末行增加
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/dev/sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0
# 或者
echo '/dev/sdb1 /mnt/dev/sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
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