二叉树-Python实现

二叉树的基本概念

二叉树是每个节点最多有两个子树的树结构。通常子树被称作“左子树”（left subtree）和“右子树”（right subtree）

二叉树的性质(特性)

性质1: 在二叉树的第i层上至多有2^(i-1)个结点（i>0）
性质2: 深度为k的二叉树至多有2^k - 1个结点（k>0）
性质3: 对于任意一棵二叉树，如果其叶结点数为N0，而度数为2的结点总数为N2，则N0=N2+1;
性质4:具有n个结点的完全二叉树的深度必为 log2(n+1)
性质5:对完全二叉树，若从上至下、从左至右编号，则编号为i 的结点，其左孩子编号必为2i，其右孩子编号必为2i＋1；其双亲的编号必为i/2（i＝1 时为根,除外）

二叉树的实现

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.elem = item
        self.lchild = None
        self.rchild = None

class Tree(object):
    """二叉树"""
    def __init__(self): 
        self.root = None

    def add(self, item):
        """"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.root is None:
            self.root = node
            return
        queue = [self.root]
        while queue:
            cur_node = queue.pop(0)
            if cur_node.lchild is None:
                cur_node.lchild = node
                return
            else:
                queue.append(cur_node.lchild)
            if cur_node.rchild is None:
                cur_node.rchild = node
                return
            else:
                queue.append(cur_node.rchild)

    def breadth_travel(self):
        """广度遍历，层序遍历"""
        if self.root is None:
            return
        queue = [self.root]
        while queue:
            cur_node = queue.pop(0)
            print cur_node.elem,
            if cur_node.lchild is not None:
                queue.append(cur_node.lchild)
            if cur_node.rchild is not None:
                queue.append(cur_node.rchild)
        print

    def preorder(self, node):
        """先序遍历"""
        if node is None:
            return
        print node.elem,
        self.preorder(node.lchild)
        self.preorder(node.rchild)

    def inorder(self, node):
        """中序遍历"""
        if node is None:
            return
        self.inorder(node.lchild)
        print node.elem,
        self.inorder(node.rchild)

    def postorder(self, node):
        """后序遍历"""
        if node is None:
            return
        self.postorder(node.lchild)
        self.postorder(node.rchild)
        print node.elem,

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tree = Tree()
    tree.add(0)
    tree.add(1)
    tree.add(2)
    tree.add(3)
    tree.add(4)
    tree.add(5)
    tree.add(6)
    tree.add(7)
    tree.add(8)
    tree.add(9)
    tree.breadth_travel()
    tree.preorder(tree.root)
    print
    tree.inorder(tree.root)
    print
    tree.postorder(tree.root)

运行结果

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 3 7 8 4 9 2 5 6
7 3 8 1 9 4 0 5 2 6
7 8 3 9 4 1 5 6 2 0
[Finished in 0.1s]