三、顺序 选择 循环

选择

1. 真值/假值

   假(7种)：False(标准真值)、None、0、[]（空列表）、()（空元组）、‘’（或""，空字符串）、{}（空集合或空字典）

   真(无数种)：其他所有（包括True(标准真值)）

   >>>bool('I think, therefore I am')
   True
   >>>bool(42)
   True
   >>>bool('')
   False
   >>>bool(0)
   False
   

2. if else

   num = int(input('Enter a number: '))
   if num > 0:
       print('This number is positive')
   elif num < 0:
       print('This number is negative')
   else:
       print('This number is zero')
   

3. 条件运算符（相当于:?）

   status = "friend" if name.endswith("Gumby") else "stranger"
   

4. 比较运算符

   表达式	描述
   x is y	x和y是同一个对象
   x is not y	x和y是不同的对象
   x in y	x是容器（如序列）y的成员
   x not in y	x不是容器（如序列）y的成员

   链式比较

   >>>if 0 < key < 2:
   ...    print('0 < key < 2')    
   0 < key < 2
   

   列表比较

   >>>[1, 2] < [2, 1]
   True
   >>>[2, [1, 4]] < [2, [1, 5]]
   True
   

循环

1. for循环

   >>>words = ['this', 'is', 'an', 'ex', 'parrot']
   >>>for word in words:
   ...    print(word)
   
   >>>for number in range(1, 101):
       print(number)
       
   >>>d = {'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3}
   >>>for key in d:
   ...    print(key, 'corresponds to', d[key])
   ...    
   x corresponds to 1
   y corresponds to 2
   z corresponds to 3
   
   # 序列解包
   >>>for key, value in d.items():
   ...    print(key, 'corresponds to', value)
   ...    
   x corresponds to 1
   y corresponds to 2
   z corresponds to 3
   
   # 使用zip
   >>>list(zip(names, ages))
   [('anne', 12), ('beth', 45), ('george', 32), ('damon', 102)]
   >>>for name, age in zip(names, ages):
   ...    print(name, 'is', age, 'years old')
   ...    
   anne is 12 years old
   beth is 45 years old
   george is 32 years old
   damon is 102 years old
   
   # 使用enumerate
   for index, string in enumerate(strings):
       if 'xxx' in string:
           strings[index] = '[censored]'
   

2. while循环

   >>>x = 1
   >>>while x <= 100:
   ...    print(x)
   ...    x += 1
   
   name = ''
   while not name:
       name = input('Please enter your name: ')
   print('Hello, {}!'.format(name))