Optional正确使用姿势

1、基本用法

       //传入null,会出现NullPointerException,没啥用;
        Optional.of(null);
        //下面的两个,都会给我们返回一个空的option.empty对象
        Optional<Object> o = Optional.ofNullable(null);
        Optional<Object> empty = Optional.empty();
        System.out.println(o);
        System.out.println(empty);

总结: 我们使用Optional就是为了防止空指针,而Optional.of 我们传入null还会返回给我们空指针异常,没啥用;

我们重点关注ofNullable

2、错误用法

2.1、不使用Option的写法

       Student student = null;
        if (student != null) {
            String name = student.getName();
            System.out.println(name);
       }

2.2、错误使用Optional的写法

这写的感觉还没if 写起来方便呢!

       Student student = null;
        Optional<Student> optionalStudent = Optional.ofNullable(student);
        if (optionalStudent.isPresent()) {
            Student student1 = optionalStudent.get();
            System.out.println(student1.getName());
    }

2.3、正确使用Optional的方法

        //step1: new Function<Student, String>; 这里的String指的是,你要取的什么值;
        optionalStudent.map(new Function<Student, String>() {
            //step2:取出你要的值
            @Override
            public String apply(Student student) {
                return student.getName();
            }
        }).ifPresent(new Consumer<String>() {
            //step2: 你要的值不为空,执行的操作
            @Override
            public void accept(String s) {
                System.out.println(s);
            }
        });

上面的代码,经过idea简化,可以得到下面的形式

optionalStudent.map(Student::getName).ifPresent(System.out::println);

3、Optional高级使用方式

3.1、如果存在干点啥

optionalStudent.ifPresent(student12 -> {
            int age = student.getAge();
            student.setCore(age);
  });

3.2、orElse和orElseGet的区别

  public static void main(String[] args) {
        //实际使用案例
        //一般方法
        Student student = new Student(张三,23,1);
        Optional<Student> student1 = Optional.ofNullable(student);
        student1.orElse(createStudent());
        System.out.println(执行过了orElse);
        student1.orElseGet(Test::createStudent);

    }


    public static Student createStudent() {
        System.out.println(创建了student);
        return new Student();
    }

输出结果
创建了student
执行过了orElse

可以看到如果orElseGet,如果对象不为空,则不进行了对象的创建的;

3.3、过滤

Optional<Student> student1 = Optional.ofNullable(new Student(张三,23,1));      
 student1.filter(student22 -> student22.getAge()>20).ifPresent(student2 -> System.out.println(student2.getAge()));

3.4、map和flatmap的区别

       Student student = new Student(张三, 23, 1);
        Optional<Student> student1 = Optional.ofNullable(student);
        Optional<String> flatMapResult = student1.flatMap(student2 -> Optional.ofNullable(student2).map(Student::getName));
        Optional<Optional<String>> mapResult = student1.map((student2 -> Optional.ofNullable(student2).map(Student::getName)));

• 两者之间的返回值不一样;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student = new Student(张三, 17, 56);
        Student student1 = new Student(李四, 18, 56);
        Student student2 = new Student(王五, 18, 80);
        Student student3 = new Student(小龙, 15, 99);
        Student student4 = new Student(小红, 54, 100);
        Student student5 = new Student(二哈, 64, 56);
        Student student6 = new Student(小白, 84, 84);
        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(student, student1, student2, student3, student4, student5, student6);
        testBeforeJava8(students);
        testAfterJava8(students);
    }

    public static void testBeforeJava8(List<Student> studentList) {
        for (Student student : studentList) {
            if (student != null) {
                if (student.getAge() >= 18) {
                    Integer core = student.getCore();
                    if (core != null && core >= 80) {
                        System.out.println(通过java7 及格的人是: + student.getName());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }


    public static void testAfterJava8(List<Student> studentList) {
        for (Student student : studentList) {
            Optional<Student> optional = Optional.ofNullable(student);
            optional.filter(s -> s.getAge() >= 18).
                    filter(s -> s.getCore() >= 80).
                    map(student1 -> student.getName()).
                    ifPresent(s -> System.out.println(通过java8 及格的人是 + s));
        }
    }


输出结果
通过java7 及格的人是:王五
通过java7 及格的人是:小红
通过java7 及格的人是:小白
通过java8 及格的人是王五
通过java8 及格的人是小红
通过java8 及格的人是小白