目录
- 三种创建方式
- web.xml配置文件解析
- 绝对匹配
- 通配
- 应用默认页面<welcome-file-list>
- 错误页面
- 获取资源路径
- 请求转发
- --------------------------
- 阻止浏览器缓存
- 刷新页面
- 定时刷新
- 定时返回指定页面
- 重定向
- location重定向
- 文件下载
- --------------------------
- 直接向客户端发送数据
- 字符流编码
- 字节流编码
<一> 三种创建方式
1> 类的继承关系
Servlet
|-GenericServlet
|-HttpServlet
||->继承的service(ServletRequest,ServletResponse)->自身的service(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse)
||->调用doGet(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse)、doPost(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse),但是输出信息无用,需重写
2> 方式一:实现Servlet接口
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
/**
* servlet第一种创建方式:实现Servlet接口
* @author X
*
*/
public class ServletDemo1 implements Servlet{
//实例化-初始化-服务-销毁
public ServletDemo1() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
System.out.println("=======实例化========");
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("=======初始化========");
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("=======服务========");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("=======销毁========");
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
3> 方式二:继承GenericServlet(适配器)
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet{
/**
* Servlet第二种实现方式:继承GenericServlet(监听器)
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
3> 继承HttpServlet
注:MyEclipse右键可直接使用该方式创建Servlet,并自动配置完成web.xml文件
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 第三种创建Servelt的方式:继承HttpServlet
* @author X
*
*/
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
<二> web.xml配置文件解析
<!-- Create a servlet instance -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>xyz.kuoa.servlet.ServletDemo1</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- mapping servlet a URI Not Unique-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/demo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
1> 绝对匹配(路径)
2> 通配
- 任意串
<!-- 应用名/demo1/任意串 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/demo1/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 指定后缀的任意串
<!-- http://localhost/day0523_servlet/demo1/aaa/deads.do -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 访问URL直接输入文件名
http://localhost/day0523_servlet/index.html
//会自动在应用最底层找同名文件
//可访问文件夹中的文件
//MyEclipse的WebRoot下
3> 应用默认页面
注:Tomcat中防止页面中文乱码请使用:<meta charset=UTF-8>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
4> 错误页面
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/errPages/err404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
jsp页面注意事项:
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head>
<三> 获取资源路径
ServletContent:Servlet上下文
||-void setAttribute(String,Object)
||-Object getAttribute(String)
||-void removeAttribute(String)
|-获取资源路径
|-String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/a.properties");
|-Properties pro = new Properties()
|-pro.load(new FileInputStream(path));
|-pro.getProperty("key");
<四> 请求转发
注:IO操作
ServletContent:Servlet上下文
||-void setAttribute(String,Object)
||-Object getAttribute(String)
||-void removeAttribute(String)
|-获取资源路径
|-String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/a.properties");
|-Properties pro = new Properties()
|-pro.load(new FileInputStream(path));
|-pro.getProperty("key");
|-请求转发
|-dispatcher:调度员
dispatch: 调度、分派
patch: 补丁;修补
|- 将请求向下传递(调度完成后会返回当前Servlet:A-B-C(deal)-B-A)
|- this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/demo6").forward(request,response);
<五> 阻止浏览器缓存
//阻止浏览器缓存
response.setHeader("pragma","no-cache");
response.setHeader("cache-control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("expires","0");
<六> 刷新页面
1> 每秒刷新一次
response.setIntHeader("refresh",1);
2> 定时返回
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter.write("注册成功,三秒后返回主页");
response.setHeader("refresh","3;url=/day0523_servlet/demo1");
3> 刷新重定向
response.setHeader("refresh","0;url=/day0523_servlet/demo1");
4> location重定向
response.sendRedirect("/day0523_servlet/servlet/demo5");
//response.setStatus(302);
//response.setHeader("location", "/day0523_servlet/servlet/demo5");
//...
//...
//response对象销毁时,响应才送往客户端
//location属性必须在setStatus之后才会跳转
<七> 文件下载
注意:
1> 通过全路径获取字节流
//通过全路径获取字节输入流
String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/a.jpg");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(path);
2> 创建一个字节输出流(ServletOutputStream)
//创建一个字节输出流
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
3> 获取下载的文件名并告诉客户端
注意:
- 注意URLEncoder的使用,将不安全字符串按照指定字符集加密
- JDK 1.0
- URLEncoder
- URLDecoder
- 类型:%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%AE%80%E5%8F%B2
//获取下载的文件名并告诉服务端
String filename = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8");
response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
4> 告诉客户端下载的方式
response.setHeader("content-type","application/octet-stream");
注意:
- 参考tomcat中conf文件夹中web.xml文件
5> 开始下载
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int len = 1;
while((len=fis.read(b))!=-1){
sos.write(b,0,len);
}
sos.close();
fis.close();
<八> 直接向客户端发送数据
1> 字符流
|-指定编码(服务器默认编码ISO-8859-1,单字节,处理欧洲字符)
|-告诉服务器使用UTF-8字符集解析数据
|-response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
|-浏览器解析错误,因为浏览器默认编码错误,需要告诉浏览器使用指定编码解析
|-response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
|-上述两个操作被封装进一个方法
|-response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
|-写错会变成下载文件
|-原理(见下图)
|-通过response得到一个字符输出流
|-PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
|-out.write("你好!");
2> 字节流
|-使用(字节输出流)
|-指定字符集
|-response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
|-ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
sos.write("你好!".getBytes());
sos.write("你好!".getBytes("UTF-8"));