利用PXE实现自动化系统部署安装

PXE启动工作原理

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实现自动化安装 Centos 6 7 8系统安装
用192.168.80.120这台主机作为服务器

第一步：下载相关软件

[root@Centos8 ~]#yum -y install httpd dhcp-server tftp-server  syslinux

第二步：挂载光盘和相关目录

[root@Centos8 ~]#systemctl start httpd           
[root@Centos8 ~]#mkdir /var/www/html/centos/{6,7,8} -p
[root@Centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6
[root@Centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/7
[root@Centos8 ~]#mount /dev/sr2 /var/www/html/centos/8

搭建好yum仓库，打开网站访问本机IP查看有没有搭建成功

第三步：准备kicksatrt文件

Centos8.cfg

[root@Centos8 ~]$ mkdir /var/www/html/ksdir/
[root@Centos8 ~]$ touch /var/www/html/ksdir/centos{6,7,8}.cfg
#version=RHEL8
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
zerombr
text
clearpart --all --initlabel
cdrom
reboot
firstboot --disable
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
lang en_US.UTF-8
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
url --url=http://192.168.80.120/centos/8/  #指定yum源
bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --nameserver=114.114.114.114 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network  --hostname=Centos8


rootpw --iscrypted $6$uK981wzjOUsnb.OY$TYcDalcuTmXcbXMrPRyFmWLPGSMksIahaVrUnCJny04f.BwFr7E/SRKQV1e/lJRhYh0rAHJTYQuCEGwDJY7BC0
#密码heshizhe 也可以设密文密码 替换成 rootpw --plaintext 密码

firstboot --enable

skipx

services --disabled="chronyd"

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=he --password=$6$RSXrFotauUaR0cUe$b.hx2jVwJR3C/5bFs4aMDjOvjkw7PrsKvB7.lK9INUQK5QEf7p4V2y1J.faV9CkYbEDLEgzFnfNgrYDnDAYHx0 --iscrypted --gecos="he"

part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024

%packages  #这里可以安装软件
@^minimal-environment
kexec-tools
vim
tree
gcc
make
bc

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

centos7.cfg

install
keyboard 'us'
rootpw --plaintext heshizhe  #明文root密码
lang en_US
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
text
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
reboot
timezone Asia/Shanghai
url --url="http://192.168.80.120/centos/7/"
#bootloader --append="net.ifnames=0" --location=none
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
autopart --type=lvm  #采用逻辑卷方式分区
#part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=1024
#part / --fstype="xfs" --size=100000
#part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048

%packages
@web-server

%end

centos6.cfg

install
text
reboot
firewall --disabled
url --url="http://192.168.80.120/centos/6"
rootpw --iscrypted $1$ZxQpXd9n$etiURJV.6a..tQYDh4Xjr0
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
keyboard us
lang en_US
selinux --disabled
skipx
logging --level=info
timezone Asia/Shanghai
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all  initlabel
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=1024
part /swap --fstype="ext4" --size=2048
part /data --fstype="ext4" --size=50000
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=100000

第四步：配置DHCP服务

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 里面是没有内容的不过/usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example有范例。所以重定向到/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 文件里

[root@Centos8 ~]#cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
[root@Centos8 ~]#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
option domain-name "www.baidu.com";  #自动补全，如输入ping命令www会自动补全成www.baidu.com
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114, 8.8.8.8;  #DNS
#本机IP的网段我是192.168.80.0网段。
subnet 192.168.80.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 192.168.80.10 192.168.80.100;  #DHCP分配地址范围192.168.80.10-100之间
        option routers 192.168.80.2;   # 默认网关
        next-server 192.168.80.120;    #提供引导文件服务器IP地址
        filename "pxelinux.0";         #bootloader启动文件的名称
}

[root@Centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now  dhcpd  #启动dhcp服务设为开机自启
[root@centos7 ~]# dhclient -d -v
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.5
Copyright 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:e0:c3:b7
Sending on   LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:e0:c3:b7
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on ens33 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 (xid=0x446cd60f)
DHCPREQUEST on ens33 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x446cd60f)
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.80.120
DHCPACK from 192.168.80.120 (xid=0x446cd60f)
bound to 192.168.80.11 -- renewal in 232 seconds.
#在Centos7系统上查看DHCP服务有没有配置好
[root@Centos8 ~]#tail -f /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
lease 192.168.80.11 {
  starts 4 2020/09/10 02:27:51;
  ends 4 2020/09/10 02:37:51;
  cltt 4 2020/09/10 02:27:51;
  binding state active;
  next binding state free;
  rewind binding state free;
  hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:e0:c3:b7;
}

第五步：准备PXE启动相关文件

[root@Centos8 ~]#cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#mkdir centos{6,7,8}
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/isolinux/vmlinuz centos6
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/6/isolinux/initrd.img centos6
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/initrd.img centos7
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/vmlinuz centos7
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/isolinux/initrd.img centos8
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/isolinux/vmlinuz centos8
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/isolinux/ldlinux.c32 .
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/isolinux/libcom32.c32 .
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/isolinux/libutil.c32 .
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 .
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0  .
#ldlinux.c32 libcom32 libutil.c32 是Centos8需要的
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#mkdir pxelinux.cfg
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos/8/isolinux/isolinux.cfg  pxlinux.cfg
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cd   pxelinux.cfg
[root@Centos8 pxelinux.cfg]# mv isolinux.cfg  default
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cd ..
[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#tree
.
├── centos6
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── centos8
│   ├── initrd.img
│   └── vmlinuz
├── ldlinux.c32
├── libcom32.c32
├── libutil.c32
├── menu.c32
├── pxelinux.0
└── pxelinux.cfg
    └── default

4 directories, 12 files

准备启动菜单文件

[root@Centos8 tftpboot]#cd   pxelinux.cfg
[root@Centos8 pxelinux.cfg]#vim default

default menu.c32
timeout 600

menu title CentOS linux 

label linux8
  menu label Install CentOS Linux ^8
  kernel centos8/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.80.120/ksdir/centos8.cfg quiet

label linux7
  menu label Install CentOS Linux ^7
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.80.120/ksdir/centos7.cfg quiet

label linux6
  menu label Install CentOS Linux ^6
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.80.120/ksdir/centos6.cfg quiet



label rescue
  menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system
 kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos8/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.80.120/centos/8 rescue quiet

label local  menu default
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xfff

通过网络启动，安装Centos8就选择第一个，7第二个，6第三个。