Kubernetes详细配置安装说明(保姆级篇高效)

Kubernetes详细配置安装说明(保姆级篇高效)

环境说明

kubernetes 也叫 k8s 

目前常见生产部署Kubernetes 集群主要有两种方式：
kubeadm 安装

Kubeadm 是一个K8s 部署工具，提供kubeadm init 和kubeadm join，用于快速部署Kubernetes 集群。
官方地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

二进制

如果你是老手 或者时间非常充足 那么二进制搭建，参考官网 https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/home/

新手建议 kubeadm 安装

一、环境准备

最少两台主机 有虚拟机也可以
理解几个概念 
集群和主从

主从 就是 一主一从，一主多从 多主多从等等 也就是有 主节点和从节点，也可以认为是 一个master 节点  和 一个或多个 slave 节点 也还可以理解为 一个 主机 带着一个 副主机 这么来理解

集群就是有多个 主从 组合成 一个集群，当然集群概念 可以很宽泛

条件不够的可以配置 两台主机即可

需要可以自己增加

主机系统 RockyLinux8  RockyLinux9  Centos 8 Centos7  均可

节点	IP地址	性能分配
master	192.168.100.200	处理器内核 4 内存 8G
node01	192.168.100.201	处理器内核 4 内存 8G

二、初始化环境

2.1 配置主机名

Master

hostnamectl set-hostname master

Node

hostnamectl set-hostname node01

2.2 配置hosts 解析

Master and Node cat /etc/hosts

cat <<EOF>> /etc/hosts
192.168.100.200     master
192.168.100.201     node01
EOF

2.3 安装依赖文件

Master and Node

yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget vim net-tools git

2.4 设置防火墙为 Iptables 并设置空规则

Master and Node

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

yum -y install iptables-services && systemctl start iptables && systemctl enable iptables && iptables -F && service iptables save

2.5 关闭 SELINUX

Master and Node

swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

2.6 调整内核参数

Master and Node

modprobe br_netfilter

cat <<EOF> kubernetes.conf 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 # 禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF

cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

2.7 调整系统时区

Master and Node

# 设置系统时区为 中国/上海
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
# 将当前的 UTC 时间写入硬件时钟
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
# 重启依赖于系统时间的服务
systemctl restart crond

2.8 设置 rsyslogd 和 systemd journald

Master and Node

# 持久化保存日志的目录
mkdir /var/log/journal 
mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d
cat > /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/99-prophet.conf <<EOF
[Journal]
# 持久化保存到磁盘
Storage=persistent

# 压缩历史日志
Compress=yes

SyncIntervalSec=5m
RateLimitInterval=30s
RateLimitBurst=1000

# 最大占用空间 10G
SystemMaxUse=10G

# 单日志文件最大 200M
SystemMaxFileSize=200M

# 日志保存时间 2 周
MaxRetentionSec=2week

# 不将日志转发到 syslog
ForwardToSyslog=no
EOF

systemctl restart systemd-journald

2.9 kube-proxy开启ipvs的前置条件

Master and Node

cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules 
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4


# 如果上述出现如下错误
modprobe: FATAL: Module nf_conntrack_ipv4 not found in directory /lib/modules/4.18.0-372.9.1.el8.x86_64
# 因为内核版本较高的原因尝试下方

cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF


chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

lsmod | grep -e -ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

三、安装服务

3.1 安装Docker

Master and Node

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates |sort

## 建议安装 19.03版本
yum -y install docker-ce-19.03.15-3.el8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.15-3.el8

## ！！！直接安装，如果是最新版本可能存在适配问题
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli -y

## 创建 /etc/docker 目录
mkdir /etc/docker

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://gqs7xcfd.mirror.aliyuncs.com","https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

<!-- mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d -->
# 启动且配置docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

3.2 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

Master and Node

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

### 列出所有版本 建议安装 1.18.8 
yum list kubelet --showduplicates

yum install -y kubelet-1.18.8 kubeadm-1.18.8 kubectl-1.18.8

systemctl enable kubelet

四、初始化 kubernetes master/node

4.1 master Kubernetes 初始化

**!!! !!! 现在 master 上执行下面操作**

kubeadm init \
  --kubernetes-version 1.18.8 \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.100.200 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers 

参数说明

–apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.100.200 ------ 这个参数就是master主机的IP地址，例如我的Master主机的IP是：192.168.100.200

–image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers ------ 这个是镜像地址，由于国外地址无法访问，故使用的阿里云仓库地址：registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

–kubernetes-version=1.18.8 ------ 这个参数是下载的k8s软件版本号

–service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 ------ 这个参数后的IP地址直接就套用10.96.0.0/12 ,以后安装时也套用即可，不要更改

–pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 ------ k8s内部的pod节点之间网络可以使用的IP段，不能和service-cidr写一样，如果不知道怎么配，就先用这个10.244.0.0/16

**!!! 版本必须和上边安装的kubelet,kubead,kubectl保持一致 !!!版本必须和上边安装的kubelet,kubead,kubectl保持一致**

4.2 记录生成相关信息

[root@master ~]# kubeadm init \
>   --kubernetes-version 1.18.8 \
>   --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.100.200 \
>   --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
>   --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
>   --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
W0813 17:49:32.456219   36171 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.18.8
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.100.200]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [192.168.100.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [192.168.100.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
W0813 17:51:37.778026   36171 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
W0813 17:51:37.778672   36171 manifests.go:225] the default kube-apiserver authorization-mode is "Node,RBAC"; using "Node,RBAC"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 15.502077 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.18" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: r06v7r.1xo9exhmdescuiut
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.100.200:6443 --token r06v7r.1xo9exhmdescuiut \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a04b2bbe858118478966145454a6d130e88faf35db62a3ca339d15c74b9d787e 

**!!! 注意最后一段信息 !!! 注意最后一段信息**

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
## 要开始使用集群，您需要以普通用户身份运行以下命令
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
## 您现在应该将 Pod 网络部署到集群
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
## 然后，您可以通过以 root 身份在每个工作线程节点上运行以下命令来加入任意数量的工作线程节点
kubeadm join 192.168.100.200:6443 --token r06v7r.1xo9exhmdescuiut \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a04b2bbe858118478966145454a6d130e88faf35db62a3ca339d15c74b9d787e 

4.3 配置集群相关信息

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

4.4 查看节点信息

kubectl get nodes

NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
master   NotReady   master   17m     v1.18.8

我们开始加入node 节点

4.5 配置node节点加入master

**!!! !!! 在Node 节点上操作 有几个操作几个 我只有一个操作一个**

kubeadm join 192.168.100.200:6443 --token r06v7r.1xo9exhmdescuiut \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a04b2bbe858118478966145454a6d130e88faf35db62a3ca339d15c74b9d787e

查看节点信息

kubectl get nodes

**!!! !!! The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?**

出现这个问题的原因是kubectl命令需要使用kubernetes-admin来运行，解决方法如下，将主节点中的/etc/kubernetes/这个目录下的.conf文件拷贝到从节点相同目录下，然后配置环境变量：export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf就可以了
但是我的 node 上 /etc/kubernetes/ 目录下有kubelet.conf，说明文件名没关系，只需要设置对应的环境变量就可以了

## 二选一即可

## 临时命令行
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf

## 写入环境变量
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

kubectl get nodes

**!!! !!! 以下 均在 Master 操作即可**

五、配置网络插件

5.1 下载flannel

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

如果网络原因可以直接复制

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.19.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.19.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.19.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.19.1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

5.2 执行文件

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

5.3 查看服务状态

kubectl -n kube-system get pods -o wide

kubectl get nodes

六、 调整 kube-proxy 性能模式

kube-proxy目前支持三种工作模式:

userspace 模式

userspace模式下，kube-proxy会为每一个Service创建一个监听端口，发向Cluster IP的请求被Iptables规则重定向到kube-proxy监听的端口上，kube-proxy根据LB算法选择一个提供服务的Pod并和其建立链接，以将请求转发到Pod上。 该模式下，kube-proxy充当了一个四层负责均衡器的角色。由于kube-proxy运行在userspace中，在进行转发处理时会增加内核和用户空间之间的数据拷贝，虽然比较稳定，但是效率比较低。

iptables 模式

iptables模式下，kube-proxy为service后端的每个Pod创建对应的iptables规则，直接将发向Cluster IP的请求重定向到一个Pod IP。 该模式下kube-proxy不承担四层负责均衡器的角色，只负责创建iptables规则。该模式的优点是较userspace模式效率更高，但不能提供灵活的LB策略，当后端Pod不可用时也无法进行重试。

ipvs 模式

ipvs模式和iptables类似，kube-proxy监控Pod的变化并创建相应的ipvs规则。ipvs相对iptables转发效率更高。除此以外，ipvs支持更多的LB算法。

# 此模式必须安装ipvs内核模块，否则会降级为iptables
# 先查看当前状态
kubectl get pod -n kube-system --show-labels
ipvsadm -Ln

# 开启ipvs
kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system
# 修改mode: "ipvs"

kubectl delete pod -l k8s-app=kube-proxy -n kube-system

ipvsadm -Ln

七、相关问题查询方法

当出现 node 状态为 NotReady时

7.1 首先 先查看 node 上的 相关服务状态，例如

kubectl get pods -n kube-system -owide | grep node01.local

netstat -ntlp

systemctl status kubelet.service
systemctl status docker

7.2 确定docker kubelet 等相关服务正常启动

systemctl restart docker

7.3 最后可以查看日志

journalctl -f -u kubelet

!!! !!! 查看日志提示错误信息

Aug 13 21:35:30 node01.local kubelet[4747]: W0813 21:35:30.162823    4747 cni.go:237] Unable to update cni config: no networks found in /etc/cni/net.d
Aug 13 21:35:30 node01.local kubelet[4747]: E0813 21:35:30.590689    4747 kubelet.go:2188] Container runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:docker: network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized

!!! !!! 原因是 /opt/cni/bin 目录下可能缺少很多可执行文件，处理方式是重新安装kubernetes-cni

yum install -y kubernetes-cni

八、配置用户角色 安装配置 web 界面

8.1 下载yaml

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

注意编辑一下文件代码

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort          # 新增一行
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30010     # 新增一行
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

如果上方无法下载 直接复制下方 具体信息可以查看 https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30010
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

8.2 部署

kubectl create -f recommended.yaml


### 任意的更新操作建议使用 kubectl apply -f .*yaml


查看namespace下的kubernetes-dashboard下的资源
kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

8.3 创建账号

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard

8.4 授权

kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin

8.5 获取账号token

kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin

dashboard-admin-token-htpjd kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 70s

注意 ： dashboard-admin-token-htpjd 要查看这个信息

!!! !!! 是不是一直复制粘贴 这里就出错了。注意看信息哦
Error from server (NotFound): secrets "dashboard-admin-token-htpjd" not found

注意这条命令

kubectl describe secrets dashboard-admin-token-htpjd -n kubernetes-dashboard

Name:         dashboard-admin-token-htpjd
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 37703d2e-bc3d-4e09-a21d-657deca87f60

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InF2QlBocDhQUHM4c210SXZXSUQtdTR5THN2a0NfZkd3Q3lDRUROWDVpd28ifQ.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.GkBO6LsZtS1dg0Cw56zAzh1BO1ySv65-Zlt6EZqR1Nq3Hco1X6YiuRz5Nx6TGqdLb45Ri7Nb4xHPy7zVk_GJtK-z9rNKxLgzZNDFsuIxQe8Grm0SwLFBcKNtSmQ6djWq45CRprVugPvvy2R1fy7LNX9IkwjdcVbiOFgJ3ImdHptThukOHxRx9D6sJaWV6Jh21KMNOvweBq5hdXl2g8hhWeh-8mu-qYm4edKAma7t4scZ2I1offCb-g1HduBfJ5jJqo8IFYrneYcYfq16cIrJYnIWS2Z0fdBO6nYyuZuyP4MBnIUjkGtJR_QZR5V7yF2bvsdTGR69aWK89IGfbSc6kQ

8.6 打开网站

https://192.168.100.200:30010

复制 token 粘贴 点击登录即可