SpringBoot 单元测试

Controller 层的单元测试

创建一个用于测试的控制器（在main目录下）

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(String name) {
        return "hello " + name;
    }
}

编写测试（在test目录下）

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class HelloControllerTest {
    //启用web上下文
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        //使用上下文构建mockMvc
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void hello() throws Exception {
        // 得到MvcResult自定义验证
        // 执行请求
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")
                //.post("/hello") 发送post请求
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                //传入参数
                .param("name", "XiaoYeQu")
                // .accept(MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE))
                //接收的类型
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                //等同于Assert.assertEquals(200,status);
                //判断接收到的状态是否是200
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                //等同于 Assert.assertEquals("hello longzhonghua",content);
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("hello XiaoYeQu"))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                //返回MvcResult
                .andReturn();
        //得到返回代码
        int status = mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus();
        //得到返回结果
        String content = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
        //断言，判断返回代码是否正确
        Assert.assertEquals(200, status);
        //断言，判断返回的值是否正确
        Assert.assertEquals("hello XiaoYeQu", content);
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
    }
}

输出以下结果：

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = GET
      Request URI = /hello
       Parameters = {name=[XiaoYeQu]}
          Headers = [Content-Type:"application/json;charset=UTF-8", Accept:"application/json;charset=UTF-8"]
             Body = null
    Session Attrs = {}

Handler:
             Type = com.jia.controller.HelloController
           Method = com.jia.controller.HelloController#hello(String)

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = null

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 200
    Error message = null
          Headers = [Content-Type:"application/json;charset=UTF-8", Content-Length:"14"]
     Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8
             Body = hello XiaoYeQu
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Service 层的单元测试

创建实体类 

创建一个实体类用于测试

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
}

创建服务类

用 @Service 来标注服务类，并实例化了一个 User 对象

import com.jia.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
    public User getUserInfo() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("XiaoYeQu");
        user.setAge(18);
        return user;
    }
}

编写测试

比较实例化的实体 User 和测试的预期值是否一样

import com.jia.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;

//表明要在测试环境运行，底层使用的junit测试工具
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// SpringJUnit支持，由此引入Spring-Test框架支持！

//启动整个spring的工程
@SpringBootTest
public class UserServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void getUserInfo() {
        User user = userService.getUserInfo();
        //比较实际的值和用户预期的值是否一样
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        Assert.assertEquals(18, user.getAge());
        Assert.assertEquals(user.getName(), "XiaoYeQu1");
        Assert.assertThat(user.getName(), is("XiaoYeQu"));
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
    }
}

期望值和实际值不一样时：