【Fire Net 】【HDU - 1045】（最大匹配—匈牙利算法）

题目：

Suppose that we have a square city with straight streets. A map of a city is a square board with n rows and n columns, each representing a street or a piece of wall. 

A blockhouse is a small castle that has four openings through which to shoot. The four openings are facing North, East, South, and West, respectively. There will be one machine gun shooting through each opening. 

Here we assume that a bullet is so powerful that it can run across any distance and destroy a blockhouse on its way. On the other hand, a wall is so strongly built that can stop the bullets. 

The goal is to place as many blockhouses in a city as possible so that no two can destroy each other. A configuration of blockhouses is legal provided that no two blockhouses are on the same horizontal row or vertical column in a map unless there is at least one wall separating them. In this problem we will consider small square cities (at most 4x4) that contain walls through which bullets cannot run through. 

The following image shows five pictures of the same board. The first picture is the empty board, the second and third pictures show legal configurations, and the fourth and fifth pictures show illegal configurations. For this board, the maximum number of blockhouses in a legal configuration is 5; the second picture shows one way to do it, but there are several other ways. 



Your task is to write a program that, given a description of a map, calculates the maximum number of blockhouses that can be placed in the city in a legal configuration. 

Input

The input file contains one or more map descriptions, followed by a line containing the number 0 that signals the end of the file. Each map description begins with a line containing a positive integer n that is the size of the city; n will be at most 4. The next n lines each describe one row of the map, with a '.' indicating an open space and an uppercase 'X' indicating a wall. There are no spaces in the input file.

Output

For each test case, output one line containing the maximum number of blockhouses that can be placed in the city in a legal configuration. 

Sample Input

4
.X..
....
XX..
....
2
XX
.X
3
.X.
X.X
.X.
3
...
.XX
.XX
4
....
....
....
....
0

Sample Output

5
1
5
2
4

解题报告：这道题目是二分匹配的模板题目，难点是想到用二分匹配，然后将图转化一下，处理是将每行没有石头间隔的作为一行，有石头间隔的就更多，同理列也进行一下处理，就能够找到最大的行列进行二分匹配了。之后就是kuangbin的模板。

参考博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/kuangbin/archive/2011/08/09/2132828.html

ac代码：

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const int maxn=20;
int uN;int vN;
int g[maxn][maxn];
int linker[maxn];
bool used[maxn];
char mp[5][5];
int mapr[5][5];
int mapl[5][5];

bool dfs(int u)
{
	int v;
	for(v=1;v<=vN;v++)
	{
		if(g[u][v]&&!used[v])
		{
			used[v]=true;
			if(linker[v]==-1||dfs(linker[v]))
			{
				linker[v]=u;
				return true;
			}
		}
	}
	return false;
}
int hungary()
{
	int res=0;
	int u;
	memset(linker,-1,sizeof(linker));
	for(u=1;u<=uN;u++)
	{
		memset(used,0,sizeof(used));
		if(dfs(u)) res++;
	}
	return res;
}
int main()
{
	int n;
	while(scanf("%d",&n)&&n)
	{
		memset(mapl,0,sizeof(mapl));
		memset(mapr,0,sizeof(mapr));
		memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
			for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			{
				cin>>mp[i][j];
				if(mp[i][j]=='X')
					mapl[i][j]=mapr[i][j]=-1;
			}
		int p1=0;
		uN=vN=0;
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
			for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			{
				while(mapr[i][j]==-1&&j<=n)
					j++;
				p1++;
				while(mapr[i][j]!=-1&&j<=n)
				{
					mapr[i][j]=p1;
					if(uN<p1) 
						uN=p1;
					j++;
				}
			}
		int p2=0;
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
			{
				while(mapl[i][j]==-1&&i<=n)
					i++;
				p2++;
				while(mapl[i][j]!=-1&&i<=n)
				{
					mapl[i][j]=p2;
					if(vN<p2) vN=p2;
					i++;
				}
			}
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
			for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			{
				if(mapr[i][j]!=-1&&mapl[i][j]!=-1)
				{
					g[mapr[i][j]][mapl[i][j]]=1;
				}
			}
		printf("%d\n",hungary());
	}
	return 0;
}