设计模式——简单工厂模式和策略模式的差异

本人还在学习的路上，将自己的疑惑和解答简单的写了一下。如果有错误，感谢大家在下面指出。

 

简单工厂模式

以加减乘除为例

public class Example{
	public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception
	{
		Operation test = OperationFactory.createoperation('+');
		test.number_A = 1;
		test.number_B = 2;
		System.out.println(test.getResult());
	}
}

class Operation{
    public double number_A;
    public double number_B;
    public double getResult() throws MyException{
        return 0d;
    }
}

class OperationAdd extends Operation{
    public double getResult(){
        return number_A + number_B;
    }
}

class OperationSub extends Operation{
    public double getResult(){
        return number_A - number_B;
    }
}

class OperationMul extends Operation{
    public double getResult(){
        return number_A * number_B;
    }
}

class OperationDiv extends Operation{
    public double getResult() throws MyException{
        if (number_B == 0){
            throw new MyException("除数不能为零！");
        }else{
            return number_A / number_B;
        }
    }
}

class OperationFactory{
    public static Operation createoperation(char str) throws MyException{
        switch (str){
            case '+':
                return new OperationAdd();
            case '-':
                return new OperationSub();
            case '*':
                return new OperationMul();
            case '/':
                return new OperationDiv();
            default:
                throw new MyException("无效符号！");
        }
    }
}

class MyException extends Exception{
    public MyException(String str){
        super(str);
    }
}

策略模式

public class Example{
	public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception
	{
		OperationStrategy test = new OperationStrategy('+');
		System.out.println(test.getResult(1,2));
	}
}

class Operation{
    public double number_A;
    public double number_B;
    public double getResult() throws MyException{
        return 0d;
    }
}

class OperationAdd extends Operation{
    public double getResult(){
        return number_A + number_B;
    }
}

class OperationSub extends Operation{
    public double getResult(){
        return number_A - number_B;
    }
}

class OperationMul extends Operation{
    public double getResult(){
        return number_A * number_B;
    }
}

class OperationDiv extends Operation{
    public double getResult() throws MyException{
        if (number_B == 0){
            throw new MyException("除数不能为零！");
        }else{
            return number_A / number_B;
        }
    }
}

class OperationStrategy{
    Operation op = new Operation();
    public OperationStrategy(char str) throws MyException{
        switch (str){
            case '+':
                op = new OperationAdd();
                break;
            case '-':
                op = new OperationSub();
                break;
            case '*':
                op = new OperationMul();
                break;
            case '/':
                op = new OperationDiv();
                break;
            default:
                throw new MyException("无效符号！");
        }
    }
    public double getResult(double number_A, double number_B) throws MyException{
        op.number_A = number_A;
        op.number_B = number_B;
        return op.getResult();
    }
}

class MyException extends Exception{
    public MyException(String str){
        super(str);
    }
}

两者的差异

1.简单工厂模式侧重点返回一个对象(如简单工厂模式代码中OperationFactory类返回的是一个Operation对象），而策略模式侧重返回一个方法（如策略模式代码中调用OperationStrategy类中的getResult()方法返回一个Operation对象的一个方法）

2.策略模式相对来说耦合度更低,将不需要让客户了解的类（也就是例子中Operation类）封装起来。