C++学习笔记之继承与派生

1. 定义一个shape类，在此基类基础上派生Rectangele 和circle类，二者都有getarea()函数计算对象的面积，使用Rectangele 类创建一个派生类square类。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class shape{
public:
	virtual double getarea() = 0;
};

class Rectangle :public shape{
private:
	double longth;
	double width;
public:
	Rectangle(double a, double b){
		longth = a;
		width = b;
	}
	~Rectangle(){
		cout << "Rectangle释放" << endl;
	}
	double getarea(){
		return longth * width;
	}
};

class circle :public shape{
private:
	double r;
public:
	circle(double a){
		r = a;
	}
	~circle(){
		cout << "circle释放" << endl;
	}
	double getarea(){
		return 3.14 * r * r;
	}
};

class Square :public Rectangle{
public:
	Square(double aa) :Rectangle(aa, aa) {}
	~Square(){
		cout << "Square释放" << endl;
	}
};
int main(){
	Rectangle A(1, 2);
	cout << A.getarea() << endl;
	circle B(2);
	cout << B.getarea() << endl;
	Square C(3);
	cout << C.getarea() << endl;

	return 0;
}

2. 定义一个基类Base，有两个公有成员fn1（），fn2（），私有派生出Derived类，如何通过Derived类的对象调用基类的函数fn1（）？

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base{
public:
	void fn1() {
		cout << "Base::fn1" << endl;
	}
	void fn2() {
		cout << "Base::fn2" << endl;
	}
};

class Derived :private Base {
public:
	void bfn1() {
		cout << "Derived,";
		fn1();
	}
	void bfn2() {
		cout << "Derived,";
		fn2();
	}
};

int main(){
	Derived d;
	d.bfn1();

	return 0;
}

3. 定义一个Object类，有数据成员weight及相应的操作函数，由此派生出Box类，增加数据成员height和width及相应操作函数，声明一个Box对象，观察构造函数与析构函数的调用顺序。

略

4. 分别用Derived的对象以及Base和Derived的指针来调用fn1（）；和fn2（）；

int main(){
	Derived d;
	d.bfn1();
	d.bfn2();

	Derived* pd = &d;
	pd->bfn1();
	pd->bfn2();

	Base b;
	Base* pb = &b;
	pb->fn1();
	pb->fn2();

	return 0;
}

5. 思考派生类的各数据成员在对象中的存放位置，编写程序输出他们各自的地址来验证自己的推断。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base{
public:
	string name;
};

class Derived :public Base {
public:
	int pageCount;
};

int main(){
	Derived d;
	Derived* pd = &d;
	Base* pb = pd;
	cout << "派生类对象的地址:" << &pd << endl;
	cout << "基类对象的地址:" << &pb << endl;
	cout << "基类指向：" << pb << endl;

	cout << "name的地址:" << &(pb->name) << endl;
	cout << "pageCount的地址:" << &(pd->pageCount) << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

运行结果：

派生类对象的地址:010FFA10
基类对象的地址:010FFA04
基类指向：010FFA1C
name的地址:010FFA1C
pageCount的地址:010FFA38

6. void指针不能这么用：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Base1 { int x; };
struct Base2 { float y; };
struct Derived :Base1, Base2 { };

int main(){
	Derived* pd = new Derived;
	pd->x = 1; pd->y = 2.0f;
	void* pv = pd;
	Base2* pb = static_cast<Base2*>(pv);
	cout << pd->y << endl << pb -> y << endl;

	delete pd;
	return 0;
}

运行结果：

2
1.4013e-45

代码改成这样运行结果也是一样的：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base1 { public: int x; };
class Base2 { public: float y; };
class Derived :public Base1, public Base2 { };

int main(){
	Derived* pd = new Derived;
	pd->x = 1; pd->y = 2.0f;
	void* pv = pd;
	Base2* pb = static_cast<Base2*>(pv);
	cout << pd->y << endl << pb -> y << endl;

	delete pd;
	return 0;
}