docker笔记3
容器基本命令
下载镜像
docker pull cento
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name=“Name” 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@31225df28944 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令是不完善的
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@31225df28944 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg 公共 视频 文档 音乐
initial-setup-ks.cfg 模板 图片 下载 桌面
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令 # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出正在运行的容器包括历史容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示当前容器的编号
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
31225df28944 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago blissful_leavitt
7be2b60ed0c5 hello-world "/hello" 9 days ago Exited (0) 9 days ago agitated_goodall
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
31225df28944 centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago blissful_leavitt
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
31225df28944
7be2b60ed0c5
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f 容器id # 强制删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm -f # 删除所有容器(通过管道符)
启动或停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前的容器
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2f0fad47b419 centos "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes vigorous_curie
# 停止当前正在运行的 centos
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 2f0fad47b419
2f0fad47b419
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 启动 centos容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 2f0fad47b419
2f0fad47b419
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2f0fad47b419 centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 7 seconds vigorous_curie
# 测试成功
常用命令
docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
93772655bd0709c65767c128e939a090ee0be4c317125557967a63d0aae2cdf7
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#
# 问题 docker ps， 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑， docker 容器使用后台运行， 就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx， 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了
前台进程与后台进程
在 Docker 的上下文中，当我们启动数据库服务器或其他任何服务（如 Web 服务器）作为后台进程时，实际上是启动了一个包含前台进程的容器。这个前台进程负责执行服务的核心功能，如监听特定的端口、处理请求等。
前台进程：在 Docker 容器中，前台进程是容器启动时运行的主进程。它是容器内部的核心服务，负责执行容器的主要功能。
后台运行：当我们使用 docker run -d 命令启动容器时，容器会在后台运行。但是，这并不意味着容器内部没有前台进程。相反，容器内部的前台进程仍然在运行，只是容器本身被置于了后台。
服务镜像（如数据库、Web 服务器）：这些镜像通常包含了一个或多个前台进程，这些进程负责提供服务。例如，数据库镜像可能包含了一个前台进程来监听数据库连接请求，Web 服务器镜像可能包含了一个前台进程来监听 HTTP 请求。
基础镜像（如 CentOS）：基础镜像通常不包含特定的服务进程，而是提供了一个基本的操作系统环境。如果我们只是简单地启动一个 CentOS 镜像的容器而不运行任何前台进程（如通过 docker run -d centos），那么容器内部将没有持续运行的前台进程，容器可能会在几秒钟后停止，因为它没有做任何事情。
查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail number 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 3 2f0fad47b419 # 查到两条日志
2023-01-14T12:33:59.839621096Z [root@2f0fad47b419 /]# exit
2023-01-14T12:45:03.884332494Z [root@2f0fad47b419 /]# exit
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
91973e3049338501c282d003c4b8703243aed3ca9362cfda486eefd10f4adc6a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
91973e304933 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 13 seconds ago Up 13 seconds dazzling_einstein
2f0fad47b419 centos "/bin/bash" 37 minutes ago Up 4 minutes vigorous_curie
lucid_black
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志条数
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 3 91973e304933
2023-01-14T12:58:48.930057833Z kuangshen
2023-01-14T12:58:49.935107229Z kuangshen
2023-01-14T12:58:50.937433583Z kuangshen
查看容器中的进程信息
docker top 容器id
[root@ser878629168738 /]# docker top 21be0719efa1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3247 3225 0 02:56 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root 5659 3247 0 02:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像源数据
[root@ser878629168738 /]# docker inspect 21be0719efa1
[
{
"Id": "21be0719efa1cd4f7f638d3c1aab3e6b6a05de78328cdfdb5c3d3685f11376e9",
"Created": "2024-07-14T02:56:34.80030493Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3247,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2024-07-14T02:56:35.105310691Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/21be0719efa1cd4f7f638d3c1aab3e6b6a05de78328cdfdb5c3d3685f11376e9/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/21be0719efa1cd4f7f638d3c1aab3e6b6a05de78328cdfdb5c3d3685f11376e9/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/21be0719efa1cd4f7f638d3c1aab3e6b6a05de78328cdfdb5c3d3685f11376e9/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/21be0719efa1cd4f7f638d3c1aab3e6b6a05de78328cdfdb5c3d3685f11376e9/21be0719efa1cd4f7f638d3c1aab3e6b6a05de78328cdfdb5c3d3685f11376e9-json.log",
"Name": "/hopeful_buck",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "bridge",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
24,
160
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": [],
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware",
"/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55800655659efaa9b74ee5020cd96af9f6f8682cdcbf21ddeee20bee1d4f7aeb-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/39188b282c532b3174eeef11b7cf6836535c6e77858baefed3ce02a0fa7174fe/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55800655659efaa9b74ee5020cd96af9f6f8682cdcbf21ddeee20bee1d4f7aeb/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55800655659efaa9b74ee5020cd96af9f6f8682cdcbf21ddeee20bee1d4f7aeb/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/55800655659efaa9b74ee5020cd96af9f6f8682cdcbf21ddeee20bee1d4f7aeb/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "21be0719efa1",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "966effb4642648521f8d544e341f03e8e838ac379cb253818097d87492182a51",
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/966effb46426",
"Ports": {},
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "35a0052ff05e4bf454c2de7531ca1a578535ffbeb7a774877efe134ce2f67a03",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"NetworkID": "043669c137823c175ada24b7b1020003d7df3b6b93e659fa2f2271b39c2525b4",
"EndpointID": "35a0052ff05e4bf454c2de7531ca1a578535ffbeb7a774877efe134ce2f67a03",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"DriverOpts": null,
"DNSNames": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@ser878629168738 /]#
进入当前正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
docker attach 容器id # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
容器中的文件拷贝到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的地主机路径
[root@ser878629168738 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@ac0120ef32dd /]# cd /home
[root@ac0120ef32dd home]# ls
[root@ac0120ef32dd home]# touch test.java
[root@ac0120ef32dd home]# ls
test.java
[root@ac0120ef32dd home]# exit
exit
[root@ser878629168738 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@ser878629168738 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac0120ef32dd centos "/bin/bash" 54 seconds ago Exited (0) 19 seconds ago awesome_khorana
a475fc9e5910 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago inspiring_sammet
6ed2981c6bb3 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (127) 4 minutes ago fervent_knuth
1679f11beb1a centos "/bin/bash" 59 minutes ago Exited (0) 59 minutes ago kind_darwin
cf41b8e4aecd centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago quizzical_almeida
57931efff3da centos "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago reverent_babbage
ee30dbf0b0da centos "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago priceless_gould
18d8f574057b centos "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago crazy_visvesvaraya
09a018300dbd d2c94e258dcb "/hello" 4 days ago Exited (0) 4 days ago stoic_chebyshev
[root@ser878629168738 ~]# docker cp ac0120ef32dd:/home/test.java /home
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home
[root@ser878629168738 ~]# cd /home
[root@ser878629168738 home]# ls
test.java
[root@ser878629168738 home]#
常用命令小结
attach Attach to a running container #当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile #通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
# 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
cp Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT
create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器，同run 但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器变化
events Get real time events from the server#从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in a running container#在已存在的容器上运行命令
# 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件(对应import)
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image #展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images #列出系统当前镜像
# 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像(对应export)
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information #显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image #查看容器详细信息
kill Kill a running container #kill指定docker容器
# 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像(对应save)
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Register or log in to a Docker registry#注册或者登陆一个docker源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry #从当前Docker registry退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container #输出当前容器日志信息
pause Pause all processes within a container#暂停容器
# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
ps List containers #列出容器列表
# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
# 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container #重命名容器
restart Restart a running container #重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers #移除一个或者多个容器
# 移除一个或多个镜像(无容器使用该镜像才可以删除，否则需要删除相关容器才可以继续或者-f强制删除)
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container #创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save an image(s) to a tar archive#保存一个镜像为一个tar包(对应load)
search Search the Docker Hub for images #在docker hub中搜索镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers#启动容器
# 统计容器使用资源
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop a running container #停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository #给源中镜像打标签
top Display the running processes of a container #查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause all processes within a container #取消暂停容器
version Show the Docker version information#查看容器版本号
# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
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