C#多态之虚方法

C#多态之虚方法

1.多态

多态：让一个对象能够表现出多种的状态（类型）。实现多态的三种方法：1.虚方法2.抽象类 3.接口。

2.代码

下面这个例子是未使用多态的代码，调用SayHello()的方法需要使用到里氏转换，代码比较冗长。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 多态
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Chinese c1 = new Chinese("张三");
            Chinese c2 = new Chinese("李四");
            Japanese j1 = new Japanese("村井英子");
            Americans a1 = new Americans("lisa");
            Americans a2 = new Americans("jane");
            Person person = new Person("人");
            Person[] per = { c1, c2, j1, a1, a2, person };
            for (int i = 0; i < per.Length; i++)
            {
                // per[i].SayHello();//如果是这种写法，表现的是父类类型，调用的是父类函数
                //如果要看到子类各种打招呼的方式可以强转
                #region 这种方法太冗长
                if (per[i] is Chinese)
                {
                    ((Chinese)per[i]).SayHello();
                }
                else if (per[i] is Japanese)
                {
                    ((Japanese)per[i]).SayHello();
                }
                else if (per[i] is Americans)
                {
                    ((Americans)per[i]).SayHello();
                }
                else
                {
                    per[i].SayHello();
                }
                #endregion
                //per[i].SayHello();

            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    public class Person
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }
        public Person(string name)
        {
            this._name = name;
        }
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是人类");
        }
    }

    public class Chinese : Person
    {
        public Chinese(string name) : base(name)
        {
        }
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是中国人,我叫{0}", this.Name);

        }

    }
    public class Japanese : Person
    {
        public Japanese(string name) : base(name)
        {
        }
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是日本人,我叫{0}", this.Name);

        }

    }
    public class Americans : Person
    {
        public Americans(string name) : base(name)
        {
        }
        public void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是美国人,我叫{0}", this.Name);

        }

    }

}

下面这个例子是使用虚方法的代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 多态
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //多态：让一个对象能够表现出多种的状态（类型）

            //实现多态的三种方法：1.虚方法2.抽象类 3.接口
           
            Chinese c1 = new Chinese("张三");
            Chinese c2 = new Chinese("李四");
            Japanese j1 = new Japanese("村井英子");
            Americans a1 = new Americans("lisa");
            Americans a2 = new Americans("jane");
            Person person = new Person("人");
            Person[] per = { c1,c2,j1,a1,a2,person};
            for (int i = 0; i < per.Length; i++)
            {   
                per[i].SayHello();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    public class Person
    {
        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }
        public Person(string name)
        {
            this._name = name;
        }
        public  virtual void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是人类");
        }
    }

    public class Chinese : Person
    {
        public Chinese(string name):base(name)
        {
        }
        public override void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是中国人,我叫{0}",this .Name);

        }
    
    }
    public class Japanese : Person
    {
        public Japanese(string name) : base(name)
        {
        }
        public override void SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是日本人,我叫{0}", this.Name);

        }

    }
    public class Americans : Person
    {
        public Americans(string name) : base(name)
        {
        }
        public override void  SayHello()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("我是美国人,我叫{0}", this.Name);

        }

    }

}

3.总结

实现虚方法的步骤： /将父类的方法标记为虚方法，使用关键字virtual,这个函数可以被子类重写,子类的方法需要使用关键字override。优点：减少很多代码。

4.小练习

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 练习
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Dark dark = new Dark();
            MuDark muDark = new MuDark();
            XjDark xjDark = new XjDark();

            Dark[] darks = { dark, muDark, xjDark };
            for (int i = 0; i < darks.Length; i++)
            {
                darks[i].Bark();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();

        }
    }

    public class Dark
    {
        public virtual void Bark()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("真的鸭子嘎嘎叫");
        }
    }
    public class MuDark : Dark
    {
        public override void Bark()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("木偶鸭子嘎嘎叫");
        }
    }
    public class XjDark : Dark
    {
        public override void Bark()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("橡胶鸭子嘎嘎叫");
        }
    }

}