教你用spring创建web项目(IDEA图文版,带测试)

spring整合servlet

新建maven项目或者模块,如果是模块,parent必须是None

在main文件夹下创建这些文件夹和文件

在pom.xml导入相关依赖,有不需要的自己移除

<!--指定jdk版本等-->
<properties>
	<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
	<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
	<spring.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
		<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<!--spring集成第三方插件的模块,定时函数,邮件服务,读取properties配置文件等-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
		<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--spring整合jdbc的模块-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
		<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--spring的测试模块-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
		<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--spring整合web的模块-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
		<version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--数据库连接池-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
		<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
		<version>1.1.22</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--oracle驱动-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
		<artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
		<version>11.2.0.3</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--aop框架-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
		<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
		<version>1.9.5</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--junit测试-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>junit</groupId>
		<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		<version>4.13</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--配置日志-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
		<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
		<version>1.7.25</version>
	</dependency>

	<!--servlet依赖-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
		<version>4.0.1</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>

	<!--JSTL依赖-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
		<version>1.2</version>
	</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
	<plugins>
		<!--tomcat7插件-->
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
			<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>2.2</version>
			<configuration>
				<port>8080</port>
				<path>/</path>
			</configuration>
		</plugin>
	</plugins>
</build>

在resources文件夹创建bean.xml(名字随便取)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--扫描com包下的注解-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.*"/>
</beans>

创建测试的类

在service包下创建测试用的接口

public interface StudentService {
   void test();
}

在impl里面实现接口

@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("测试方法");
    }
}

在web.xml中配置一下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--默认请求Test这个路径-->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>Test</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    
    <!--监听服务器的启动与销毁-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--从这个路径获取-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <!--在这里写你的配置文件的路径-->
        <param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
</web-app>

再在controler包下创建测试的servlet

@WebServlet("/Test")
public class TestServlet extends BaseServlet {
    @Autowired
    StudentService studentService;
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("接收请求");
        studentService.test();
        resp.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
    }
}

这里是间接继承了HttpServlet,因为要使用注解配置要重写init方法,为了减少代码量,写了一个工具servlet用于重写init方法,我们其他的servlet可以继承这个工具servlet

util包下的BaseServlet

public class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        WebApplicationContext wc = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
        //studentService = wc.getBean(StudentService.class);这是不使用注解时的写法,从wc中获取bean直接赋值,但通过工具类不能这么写
        AutowireCapableBeanFactory autowireCapableBeanFactory = wc.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
        autowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBean(this);
    }
}

随便在index.jsp下写一些测试数据

最后就是启动了

在运行按钮旁有个下拉箭头,选择Edit Configurations..

点这个加号

然后选择maven

给命令起个名字,
然后旁边选择我们的刚刚创建的项目,
在Command line:栏输入tomcat7:run

最后点下面的ok,

启动的时候按启动按钮就好啦