设计模式——建造者模式

定义及应用场景

建造者模式（Builder Pattern）指的是将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。属于创建型模式。应用场景如下：

1. 当初始化一个对象的参数特别多时可以考虑使用建造者模式。
2. 当产品类的调用顺序不同能产生不同的作用。

建造者模式中的4个角色：

1. 产品（Product）：需要创建的产品类对象
2. 建造者抽象（Builder）：建造者的抽象（有时会是接口），规范产品对象的各个组成部分的建造，其中会包含一个用来返回最终产品的方法，Product build()。
3. 建造者（ConcreteBuilder）：具体的实现类，根据业务逻辑具体化对象的各个组成部分。
4. 调用者（Director）：调用具体的建造者，负责最终产品的创建。

建造者模式的基本(传统)写法

产品Product

public class House {
    private String floor;//必选
    private String wallpaper;//必选
    private String bed;//必选
    private String tv;
    private String airConditioning;

    public House() {
    }

    public House(String floor, String wallpaper, String bed) {
        this.floor = floor;
        this.wallpaper = wallpaper;
        this.bed = bed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "House{" +
                "floor='" + floor + '\'' +
                ", wallpaper='" + wallpaper + '\'' +
                ", bed=" + bed +
                ", tv='" + tv + '\'' +
                ", airConditioning='" + airConditioning + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getFloor() {
        return floor;
    }

    public void setFloor(String floor) {
        this.floor = floor;
    }

    public String getWallpaper() {
        return wallpaper;
    }

    public void setWallpaper(String wallpaper) {
        this.wallpaper = wallpaper;
    }

    public String getBed() {
        return bed;
    }

    public void setBed(String bed) {
        this.bed = bed;
    }

    public String getTv() {
        return tv;
    }

    public void setTv(String tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    public String getAirConditioning() {
        return airConditioning;
    }

    public void setAirConditioning(String airConditioning) {
        this.airConditioning = airConditioning;
    }
}

建造者抽象Builder

public abstract class HouseBuilder {
    public abstract void setTv();
    public abstract void setAirConditioning();

    public abstract House getHouse();
}

建造者（ConcreteBuilder） 海尔建造者，格力建造者

public class HaierHouseBuilder extends HouseBuilder{
    private House house;

    public HaierHouseBuilder(String floor, String wallpaper, String bed) {
        this.house = new House(floor, wallpaper, bed);
    }

    @Override
    public void setTv() {
        house.setTv("海尔电视");
    }

    @Override
    public void setAirConditioning() {
        house.setAirConditioning("海尔空调");
    }

    @Override
    public House getHouse() {
        return house;
    }
}
public class GeliHouseBuilder extends HouseBuilder{
    private House house;

    public GeliHouseBuilder(String floor, String wallpaper, String bed) {
        this.house = new House(floor, wallpaper, bed);
    }

    @Override
    public void setTv() {
        house.setTv("格力电视");
    }

    @Override
    public void setAirConditioning() {
        house.setAirConditioning("格力空调");
    }

    @Override
    public House getHouse() {
        return house;
    }
}

调用者（Director）

public class HouseDirector {
    public void makeHouse(HouseBuilder builder) {
        builder.setTv();
        builder.setAirConditioning();
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HouseDirector director = new HouseDirector();
        GeliHouseBuilder geliHouseBuilder = new GeliHouseBuilder("瓷砖", "灰色壁纸", "1.8米床");
        director.makeHouse(geliHouseBuilder);
        House geliHouse = geliHouseBuilder.getHouse();
        System.out.println("geliHouse: " + geliHouse.toString());
        HaierHouseBuilder haierHouseBuilder = new HaierHouseBuilder("木地板", "粉色色壁纸", "1.5米床");
        director.makeHouse(haierHouseBuilder);
        House haierHouse = haierHouseBuilder.getHouse();
        System.out.println("haierHouse: " + haierHouse.toString());
    }
}

输出：

geliHouse: House{floor=‘瓷砖’, wallpaper=‘灰色壁纸’, bed=1.8米床, tv=‘格力电视’, airConditioning=‘格力空调’}
haierHouse: House{floor=‘木地板’, wallpaper=‘粉色色壁纸’, bed=1.5米床, tv=‘海尔电视’, airConditioning=‘海尔空调’}

建造者模式的链式写法

将house变成HouseBuilder的内部类，每完成一个都返回this

public class HouseChainBuilder {
    private House house = new House();

    public HouseChainBuilder addTv(String tv) {
        house.setTv(tv);
        return this;
    }

    public HouseChainBuilder addAirConditioning(String airConditioning) {
        house.setAirConditioning(airConditioning);
        return this;
    }

    public House builder() {
        return this.house;
    }




    public class House{
        private String floor;//必选
        private String wallpaper;//必选
        private String bed;//必选
        private String tv;
        private String airConditioning;
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "House{" +
                    "floor='" + floor + '\'' +
                    ", wallpaper='" + wallpaper + '\'' +
                    ", bed=" + bed +
                    ", tv='" + tv + '\'' +
                    ", airConditioning='" + airConditioning + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }

        public String getFloor() {
            return floor;
        }

        public void setFloor(String floor) {
            this.floor = floor;
        }

        public String getWallpaper() {
            return wallpaper;
        }

        public void setWallpaper(String wallpaper) {
            this.wallpaper = wallpaper;
        }

        public String getBed() {
            return bed;
        }

        public void setBed(String bed) {
            this.bed = bed;
        }

        public String getTv() {
            return tv;
        }

        public void setTv(String tv) {
            this.tv = tv;
        }

        public String getAirConditioning() {
            return airConditioning;
        }

        public void setAirConditioning(String airConditioning) {
            this.airConditioning = airConditioning;
        }
    }
}

public class TestChain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HouseChainBuilder chainBuilder = new HouseChainBuilder()
                .addTv("小米电视").addAirConditioning("小米空调");
        System.out.println(chainBuilder.builder());
    }
}

输出

House{floor=‘null’, wallpaper=‘null’, bed=null, tv=‘小米电视’, airConditioning=‘小米空调’}

建造模式在jdk中的使用

StringBuilder提供的append()方法

建造者模式的优缺点

优点

1、封装性好，创建与使用分离
2、扩展性好，建造者类之间独立。

缺点

1、增加类的复杂度，产生了多余的Builder对象
2、产品发生改变，建造者都要修改成本大。