servlet中的跳转
a. 服务器内部跳转
1.跳转到一个页面
2.跳转到另外一个servlet
本质: 浏览器发出请求调用服务器中Servlet的service()方法,该方法需要调用其他的Servlet的service()方法或需要复制页面内容给浏览器
page="页面/servlet"
//获得一个跳转对象(服务器内部跳转)
RequestDispatcher rd = req.getRequestDispatcher(page);
//跳转
rd.forward(req,resp);
特点:
1.不管servlet服务器内部跳转多少次,浏览器地址栏中显示的地址都是第一次访问到的servlet的地址。
2.服务器内部跳转其实就是把request和response对象进行转发,转发到另外一个服务器内部的一个资源中,如果转发的对象是一个页面,那么就把这个页面返回给浏览器,如果转发的对象是另外一个servlet,那么会调用到这个servlet里面的service方法,然后把之前那个request和response当做传送传进来。
3.在服务器内部跳转的过程中,每一个环节中所用到的request和response对象都是同一个request和response对象。
注意: forward跳转如果跳转多个servlet,前面的Servlet中向response中写了内容会被后面的覆盖掉。
include也是负责跳转的,跳转过程中不管哪个Servlet向response对象中写内容是追加效果(合并输出到浏览器)。
package com.briup.web.Servelt;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/loSer")
public class loSer extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取跳转器,
//参数是资源名称(webContent下
//放置的资源和Servlet类)
//浏览器地址栏地址不变,返回一
//个页面的资源或者其他Servlet类执行
//的结果,服务器内部跳转
RequestDispatcher
rd=request.getRequestDispatcher("/user/form.html");
rd.forward(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
※ 内部Servlet跳转:
package com.briup.web.Servelt;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class TestSer
*/
@WebServlet("/TestSer")
public class TestSer extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String name=request.getParameter("name");
System.out.println(name+"....TestSer");
PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
//这里响应的内容会被后面跳转写入的内容覆盖
pw.write("byebye...");
//不能刷新,否则跳转失败
//pw.flush();
//跳转到另外一个servlet
//request.getRequestDispatcher("/TestSer1").forward(request,response);
/*
* include也是负责跳转的,跳转过程中
* 不管哪个Servlet向response对象中写内容是追加效果
*/
request.getRequestDispatcher("/TestSer1").include(request,response);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
package com.briup.web.Servelt;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class TestSer1
*/
@WebServlet("/TestSer1")
public class TestSer1 extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String name=request.getParameter("name");
System.out.println(name+"....TestSer1");
PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
pw.write("hello");
pw.flush();
pw.close();
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
b. 客户端重定向
1.跳转到一个页面
2.跳转到另外一个servlet
本质: 请求服务器资源,服务器资源告知浏览器请求新的资源(html,Servlet)
String page = "页面/servlet";
resp.sendRedirect(page);
特点:
1.跳转之后,浏览器中显示的是跳转到的那个资源(页面/servlet)的地址,而不是第一次访问的servlet地址。
2.客服端重定向,其实就是让客户端浏览器重新再发一次新的请求到要跳转的资源。所以在客户端重定向中我们使用的对象是response,因为response这个对象的作用就是向客户端传递数据传递消息用的。
3.在客户端重定向的过程中,每个环节中所用到的request,response对象都是浏览器新发出的。
注意: 浏览器没发出一次请求Tomcat都会构建新request和response
package com.briup.web.Servelt;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ReairecTest
*/
@WebServlet("/user/Rt")
public class ReairecTest extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//路径中没有斜杠,拼接在浏览器地址栏中地址最后一个斜杠后面
//路径前面加斜杠,拼接在浏览器地址栏中地址端口号后面
//方式一:
response.sendRedirect("/jd1812_web/login.html");
//方式二:response.sendRedirect("http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/login.html");
//方式三(..往前跳一级):response.sendRedirect("../login.html");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
package com.briup.web.Servelt;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/Rt1")
public class RedirectTest extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/Rt1
response.sendRedirect("TestSer1");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
注:重定向地址栏会出现路径问题,下章具体讲解路径问题。
此为访问路径:
http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/Rt
http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/login.html
http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/user/Rt
http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/user/login.html(地址错误)
加斜杠以后
http://127.0.0.1:8888/login.html(地址错误)
加上项目名
http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/login.html(地址正确)
三种更改路径方式:
方式一:response.sendRedirect("/jd1812_web/login.html");
方式二:response.sendRedirect("http://127.0.0.1:8888/jd1812_web/login.html");
方式三(..往前跳一级):response.sendRedirect("../login.html");