30. 包含 min 函数的栈

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comments: true
difficulty: 简单
edit_url: https://github.com/doocs/leetcode/edit/main/lcof/%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%9830.%20%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABmin%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%88/README.md

面试题 30. 包含 min 函数的栈

题目描述

定义栈的数据结构，请在该类型中实现一个能够得到栈的最小元素的 min 函数在该栈中，调用 min、push 及 pop 的时间复杂度都是 O(1)。

 

示例:

MinStack minStack = new MinStack();
minStack.push(-2);
minStack.push(0);
minStack.push(-3);
minStack.min();   --> 返回 -3.
minStack.pop();
minStack.top();      --> 返回 0.
minStack.min();   --> 返回 -2.

 

提示：

1. 各函数的调用总次数不超过 20000 次

 

注意：本题与主站 155 题相同：https://leetcode.cn/problems/min-stack/

解法

方法一：双栈

我们用两个栈来实现，其中stk1 用来存储数据，stk2 用来存储当前栈中的最小值。初始时，stk2 中存储一个极大值。

• 当我们向栈中压入一个元素 x 时，我们将 x 压入 stk1，并将 min(x, stk2[-1]) 压入 stk2。
• 当我们从栈中弹出一个元素时，我们将 stk1 和 stk2 的栈顶元素都弹出。
• 当我们要获取当前栈中的栈顶元素时，我们只需要返回 stk1 的栈顶元素即可。
• 当我们要获取当前栈中的最小值时，我们只需要返回 stk2 的栈顶元素即可。

时间复杂度：对于每个操作，时间复杂度均为 $O(1)$，空间复杂度 $O(n)$。

Python3

class MinStack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stk1 = []
        self.stk2 = [inf]

    def push(self, x: int) -> None:
          #难点：stk2每个位置的元素，对应 stk1对应位置元素 至 栈地元素的 最小值
        self.stk1.append(x)
        self.stk2.append(min(x, self.stk2[-1]))

    def pop(self) -> None:
        self.stk1.pop() # 1 2 3 0 0 5(顶)
        self.stk2.pop() # 1 1 1 0 0 0(顶)

    def top(self) -> int:
        return self.stk1[-1]

    def getMin(self) -> int:
        return self.stk2[-1]


# Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = MinStack()
# obj.push(x)
# obj.pop()
# param_3 = obj.top()
# param_4 = obj.getMin()

Java

class MinStack {
    private Deque<Integer> stk1 = new ArrayDeque<>();
    private Deque<Integer> stk2 = new ArrayDeque<>();

    /** initialize your data structure here. */
    public MinStack() {
        stk2.push(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    public void push(int x) {
        stk1.push(x);
        stk2.push(Math.min(x, stk2.peek()));
    }

    public void pop() {
        stk1.pop();
        stk2.pop();
    }

    public int top() {
        return stk1.peek();
    }

    public int getMin() {
        return stk2.peek();
    }
}

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MinStack obj = new MinStack();
 * obj.push(x);
 * obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.top();
 * int param_4 = obj.getMin();
 */

C++

class MinStack {
public:
    /** initialize your data structure here. */
    MinStack() {
        stk2.push(INT_MAX);
    }

    void push(int x) {
        stk1.push(x);
        stk2.push(min(x, stk2.top()));
    }

    void pop() {
        stk1.pop();
        stk2.pop();
    }

    int top() {
        return stk1.top();
    }

    int getMin() {
        return stk2.top();
    }

private:
    stack<int> stk1;
    stack<int> stk2;
};

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MinStack* obj = new MinStack();
 * obj->push(x);
 * obj->pop();
 * int param_3 = obj->top();
 * int param_4 = obj->getMin();
 */

Go

type MinStack struct {
	stk1 []int
	stk2 []int
}

/** initialize your data structure here. */
func Constructor() MinStack {
	return MinStack{[]int{}, []int{math.MaxInt32}}
}

func (this *MinStack) Push(x int) {
	this.stk1 = append(this.stk1, x)
	this.stk2 = append(this.stk2, min(x, this.stk2[len(this.stk2)-1]))
}

func (this *MinStack) Pop() {
	this.stk1 = this.stk1[:len(this.stk1)-1]
	this.stk2 = this.stk2[:len(this.stk2)-1]
}

func (this *MinStack) Top() int {
	return this.stk1[len(this.stk1)-1]
}

func (this *MinStack) GetMin() int {
	return this.stk2[len(this.stk2)-1]
}

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor();
 * obj.Push(x);
 * obj.Pop();
 * param_3 := obj.Top();
 * param_4 := obj.GetMin();
 */

TypeScript

class MinStack {
    stack: number[];
    mins: number[];
    constructor() {
        this.stack = [];
        this.mins = [];
    }

    push(x: number): void {
        this.stack.push(x);
        this.mins.push(Math.min(this.getMin(), x));
    }

    pop(): void {
        this.stack.pop();
        this.mins.pop();
    }

    top(): number {
        return this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];
    }

    getMin(): number {
        return this.mins.length == 0 ? Infinity : this.mins[this.mins.length - 1];
    }
}

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = new MinStack()
 * obj.push(x)
 * obj.pop()
 * var param_3 = obj.top()
 * var param_4 = obj.getMin()
 */

Rust

use std::collections::VecDeque;
struct MinStack {
    stack: VecDeque<i32>,
    min_stack: VecDeque<i32>,
}

/**
 * `&self` means the method takes an immutable reference.
 * If you need a mutable reference, change it to `&mut self` instead.
 */
impl MinStack {
    /** initialize your data structure here. */
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            stack: VecDeque::new(),
            min_stack: VecDeque::new(),
        }
    }

    fn push(&mut self, x: i32) {
        self.stack.push_back(x);
        if self.min_stack.is_empty() || *self.min_stack.back().unwrap() >= x {
            self.min_stack.push_back(x);
        }
    }

    fn pop(&mut self) {
        let val = self.stack.pop_back().unwrap();
        if *self.min_stack.back().unwrap() == val {
            self.min_stack.pop_back();
        }
    }

    fn top(&self) -> i32 {
        *self.stack.back().unwrap()
    }

    fn get_min(&self) -> i32 {
        *self.min_stack.back().unwrap()
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * initialize your data structure here.
 */
var MinStack = function () {
    this.stack = [];
    this.minStack = [];
};

/**
 * @param {number} x
 * @return {void}
 */
MinStack.prototype.push = function (x) {
    this.stack.unshift(x);
    if (!this.minStack.length || this.minStack[0] >= x) {
        this.minStack.unshift(x);
    }
};

/**
 * @return {void}
 */
MinStack.prototype.pop = function () {
    if (this.stack.shift() === this.minStack[0]) {
        this.minStack.shift();
    }
};

/**
 * @return {number}
 */
MinStack.prototype.top = function () {
    return this.stack[0];
};

/**
 * @return {number}
 */
MinStack.prototype.min = function () {
    return this.minStack[0];
};

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = new MinStack()
 * obj.push(x)
 * obj.pop()
 * var param_3 = obj.top()
 * var param_4 = obj.min()
 */

C#

public class MinStack {
    private Stack<int> stk1 = new Stack<int>();
    private Stack<int> stk2 = new Stack<int>();

    /** initialize your data structure here. */
    public MinStack() {
        stk2.Push(int.MaxValue);
    }

    public void Push(int x) {
        stk1.Push(x);
        stk2.Push(Math.Min(x, GetMin()));
    }

    public void Pop() {
        stk1.Pop();
        stk2.Pop();
    }

    public int Top() {
        return stk1.Peek();
    }

    public int GetMin() {
        return stk2.Peek();
    }
}

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MinStack obj = new MinStack();
 * obj.Push(x);
 * obj.Pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.Top();
 * int param_4 = obj.GetMin();
 */

Swift

class MinStack {
    private var stack: [Int]
    private var minStack: [Int]

    init() {
        stack = []
        minStack = [Int.max]
    }

    func push(_ x: Int) {
        stack.append(x)
        minStack.append(min(x, minStack.last!))
    }

    func pop() {
        stack.removeLast()
        minStack.removeLast()
    }

    func top() -> Int {
        return stack.last!
    }

    func getMin() -> Int {
        return minStack.last!
    }
}

/**
 * Your MinStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * let obj = MinStack();
 * obj.push(x);
 * obj.pop();
 * let param_3 = obj.top();
 * let param_4 = obj.getMin();
 */